“…The core structure of coumarins is derived from the respective cinnamates via ortho-hydroxylation of the aromatic ring, trans/cis isomerization, and lactonization. Various substitution patterns of coumarins have been reported, whereas the biosynthesis of coumarins remains elusive. …”
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“…Their activity is due to the presence of a large macrolide lactone ring with deoxy sugar moieties. They are protein synthesis inhibitors and broad-spectrum antibiotics, active against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. …”
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“…This case report describes the development of halo naevi, vitiligo and diffuse alopecia areata associated with tocilizumab therapy following infection with Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Panton–Valentine leukocidin positivity. This is the first case that describes these events and supports previous theories on cellular and humoral immunity as causative factors. …”
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“…It was found that when 2′(2′,6′)-(di)halogenopodophyllones or 2′(2′,6′)-(di)chloropicropodophyllones reacted with hydroxylamine hydrochloride, the desired products were related with the configuration of their lactones. Three key single-crystal structures of Ie, IIe and IIIb were determined by X-ray diffraction. …”
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“…In one mol­ecule, the lactone ring and part of the adjacent tetra­hydro­furan ring are disordered over two orientations with refined occupancy ratio of 0.831 (10):0.169 (10). …”
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“…Artemisinin is a natural sesquiterpene lactone obtained from the Artemisia annua herb. It is widely used for the treatment of malaria. …”
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“…A new atisane-type diterpene, ent-16α-hydroxy-atisane-3,4-lactone (4) and three known diterpenes, ent-16α-hydroxy-atisane-3-one (1), ent-atisane-3β,16α-diol (2), ent-3,4-seco-16α-hydroxyatis- 4(19)-en -3-oic acid (3) were isolated from the bark of the mangrove plant Excoecaria agallocha. …”
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“…Here, contributions of redox cycling and alkylating properties of quinones (both natural and synthetic, such as plumbagin, juglone, lawsone, menadione, methoxy-naphthoquinones, and others) to cellular and inter-cellular signaling processes are discussed: (i) naphthoquinone-induced Nrf2-dependent modulation of gene expression and its potentially beneficial outcome; (ii) the modulation of receptor tyrosine kinases, such as the epidermal growth factor receptor by naphthoquinones, resulting in altered gap junctional intercellular communication. …”
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“…The QS signals in the bacteria mainly consist of acyl-homoserine lactone, autoinducing peptide, and autoinducer-2. …”
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“…Poly (Lactic Acid), PLA, and Poly (ε-CaproLactone), PCL, compatibilized with Ethyl Ester l-Lysine Triisocyanate (LTI) can be employed as biomaterials. …”
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“…This synthesis features high-yielding aldol-type addition of γ-butyrolactone on to the aldehyde, exocyclic olefination of lactone derivative using Eschenmoser’s salt, and highly facial- and endo-selective [4 + 2]-cycloaddition of fully functionalized 5-methylene-2(5H)-furanone with natural R-(−)-α-phellandrene. …”
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“…Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) is prevalent around the world and is a causative agent of skin and soft tissue infections in healthy individuals. Particularly, Panton–Valentine leukocidin (PVL)-positive CA-MRSA strains occasionally cause life-threatening infections, such as septic pulmonary emboli (SPE) and infectious endocarditis. …”
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“…In Gram-negative bacteria, the most widely reported QS signals are acylhomoserine lactones. In contrast, a novel QS-like system has been elucidated, regulating communication between microbes and plants through strigolactones. …”
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“…Herein, we show that the use of Jørgensen–Hayashi-type catalysts can convert an array of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes into chiral dienamines that can formally add in a Diels–Alder fashion to a number of electron-deficient pyrones of the coumalate-type to generate optically active [2.2.2]-bicyclic lactones. In most cases, the reactions proceed with good to excellent diastereo- and enantiocontrol (up to 99% ee). …”
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“…Density functional theory calculations reveal that electrostatic interactions between the oxidant leaving group and the lactone motif accounts for a reversal of selectivity with H(2)O(2)/H(3)O(+) compared to peracids. …”
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“…This general approach to accessing γ-lactone fused isoxazolines was hitherto unprecedented. …”
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“…Ring closure to the 22‐membered lactone ring was achieved in the final stages of the synthesis by a Heck reaction. …”
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“…This cross-sectional analysis of a prospective, population-based cohort study included 1,894 randomly-selected 16 to 99-year-old participants from two Swiss cantons in March 2022. Of these, 97.6% (95% CI: 96.8–98.2%) had anti-spike IgG antibodies, and neutralising capacity was respectively observed for 94%, 92% and 88% against wild-type SARS-CoV-2, Delta and Omicron variants. …”
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“…We also developed forecasting models to characterize the transmission dynamics for all the country’s cantons taking into account their spatial correlations in COVID incidence. …”
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“…The key intramolecular aza-Prins reaction forms the characteristic 3-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane ring system of halichonic acid along with the lactonized form of halichonic acid B in an 8:1 ratio. …”
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