“…SIMPLE SUMMARY: This review provides a comprehensive overview of mammary Paget disease (MPD) from its historical origins to the current diagnostic and treatment strategies while also exploring promising avenues for future advancements in the field. …”
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“…SIMPLE SUMMARY: Due to the limited options in mammary tumor treatments, the following study demonstrates the efficiency of Doxorubicin on canine mammary tumor therapy and in the alteration of expression of the key genes involved in the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition processes. …”
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“…BACKGROUND: Obesity is a risk factor for breast cancer, and women with obesity that develop breast cancer have a worsened prognosis. Within the mammary gland, obesity causes chronic, macrophage-driven inflammation and adipose tissue fibrosis. …”
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“…The molecular "signature" of mammary lobular carcinomas is the loss of E-cadherin protein expression as evidenced by immunohistochemistry, whereas ductal carcinomas are typically E-cadherin positive. …”
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“…Epithelial/mesenchymal cell interactions are necessary for proper ductal morphogenesis throughout all stages of mammary gland development. Besides the well-established stromal components, such as adipocytes and fibroblasts, the mammary stroma is also infiltrated with migrating blood cells, mostly macrophages and eosinophils. …”
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“…The mechanism of suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid in cell growth inhibition involved induction of pRb-2/p130 interaction and nuclear translocation with E2F-4, followed by significant repression in E2F-1 and PCNA nuclear levels, which led to inhibition in DNA synthesis in mammary epithelial cell lines.…”
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“…The natural estrogen 17beta-estradiol (E2) has a profound influence on proliferation and neoplastic transformation of mammary epithelium. The role of cellular metabolism of E2 in mammary carcinogenesis, however, remains to be elucidated. …”
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“…In this paper, we will briefly review this evidence and present a model to address the role of the progesterone and estrogen receptors in BRCA1 mutant mammary carcinogenesis. Finally, we will consider some of the clinical implications of this model.…”
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“…We investigated mammary gland differentiation and cell proliferation in rats after acute exposure to xenoestrogens. …”
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“…BACKGROUND: Mammary ductoscopy (MD) is a newly developed endoscopic technique that allows direct visualisation of the mammary ductal epithelium using sub-millimetre fiberoptic microendoscopes inserted through the ductal opening onto the nipple surface. …”
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“…METHODS: Immunohistochemical expression of Hsp27, Hsp72, Hsp73 and Hsp90 was evaluated in 3 normal canine mammary glands and 30 malignant mammary tumours (10 in situ carcinomas, 10 invasive carcinomas limited to local structures without identifiable invasion of blood or lymphatic vessels, 10 carcinomas with invasion of blood or lymphatic vessels and/or metastases to regional lymph nodes). …”
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“…The second hypothesis postulates that the mammary gland mass, as a correlate of the number of cells susceptible to transformation, is an important determinant of breast cancer risk. …”
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“…In the discussion section the authors state that "One of the assumptions underlying mammary transplant studies is that mammary outgrowths at limiting dilution are clonal (14,000–20,000 cells per cleared fat pad)" and they attribute this to reference 21 "Smith GH: Experimental mammary epithelial morphogenesis in an in vivo model: evidence for distinct cellular progenitors of the ductal and lobular phenotype. …”
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“…One member of this gene family, Id-1, has been implicated in mammary development and carcinogenesis. Mammary glands contain various cell types, among which the luminal epithelial cells are primarily targeted for proliferation, differentiation and carcinogenesis. …”
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“…Bioengineering of the mammary gland to produce proteins of therapeutic and industrial value is the result of extensive investigation of the physiology of the mammary gland and the ability to generate transgenic animals. …”
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“…Rat strains differ in their susceptibilities to mammary carcinogenesis. Strains such as Wistar-Furth are very susceptible to chemically induced carcinogenesis. …”
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“…Salivary, mammary and prostate glands are sex hormone-dependent organs sharing common aspects in structure, hormonal responsiveness and tumor histopathology. …”
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“…The effect of the placental hormone chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) on 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-induced mammary tumours was studied in young virgin Sprague-Dawley rats. …”
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“…Since it has been shown that pregnancy protects the mammary gland from chemically induced carcinogenesis, this study was designed with the dual purpose of determining whether treatment of young virgin rats with the placental hormone chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) mimics pregnancy-induced changes in the tumourigenic response of the mammary gland and also whether the effect induced by both pregnancy and hormonal treatments was transitory, or a more permanent one, exerting the same effect when the period of time between delivery or termination of treatment and exposure to the carcinogen is lengthened. …”
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