“…This work is unique as it provides a uniform treatment of the Fourier theories of functions (Fourier transforms and series, z-transforms), finite measures (characteristic functions, convergence in distribution), and stochastic processes (including arma series and point processes). …”
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“…Combined with the characteristics of the Chinese environmental regulation supervision system and evolutionary game theory, the spillover effect of local governments’ investment behaviour has been incorporated into their payment function to study the influence of spillover on the strategy choice of local governments and enterprises. …”
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“…We derive clean, exact expressions for the full conditional characteristic functions (CCFs) of a close proxy to fixation and extinction times. …”
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“…This book is aimed at graduate students and researchers working in probability theory and mathematical statistics.…”
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“…Problems and solutions presented show the intrinsic relation existing between probability methods, analytic methods, and functional methods in the theory of stochastic processes. …”
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“…The present study, therefore, aims to derive an explicit expression for the flocculation of cohesive sediment in a turbulent fluid environment based on two common entropy theories: Shannon entropy and Tsallis entropy. This study derives an explicit expression for the characteristic floc size, assumed to be a random variable, as a function of flocculation time by maximizing the entropy function subject to the constraint equation using a hypothesis regarding the cumulative distribution function of floc size. …”
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“…Therefore, based on fuzzy set theory and similarity measure theory, a risk assessment model is proposed to adapt to the characteristics that the risk information is difficult to quantify the fuzziness in the design phase. …”
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“…We calibrate the model on market vanilla option prices via characteristic function inversion techniques, we study the price sensitivities and propose an exact simulation scheme. …”
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“…A comprehensive study of the properties of finite (0,1) binary systems from the mathematical viewpoint of quantum theory is presented. This is a quantum-inspired extension of the GenomeBits model to characterize observed genome sequences, where a complex wavefunction [Formula: see text] is considered as an analogous probability measure and it is related to an alternating (0,1) binary series having independent distributed terms. …”
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“…METHODS: Option characteristic curves were estimated using a nonparametric item response model to examine the probability of endorsing each of 7 options within each of 30 PANSS items as a function of standardized, overall symptom severity. …”
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“…Arthropods with large convex eyes provide curves of critical illumination for response as a function of flicker frequency (or of visual acuity) which depart from the probability integral type characteristically found for F – log I with vertebrates. …”
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“…Various quantum analogues of the central limit theorem, which is one of the cornerstones of probability theory, are known in the literature. One such analogue, due to Cushen and Hudson, is of particular relevance for quantum optics. …”
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“…V [Formula: see text] and subthreshold characteristics for both devices. Besides, we investigate the impact of the effective masses extracted Density Functional Theory (DFT) simulations, showing that they are the key of not only the general thermionic emission behavior of simulated devices, but also the electron probability of experiencing tunneling phenomena.…”
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“…We modify the Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO) algorithm and develop new fitness functions to calculate pollution detection time and pollution detection probability in a discrete manner. …”
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“…This study is directly applicable to a real-world scenario, for instance the movement of a misplaced animal can be detected and subsequently its location can be transmitted to its caretaker. Using Bayesian theory, finding the location of a moving target is formulated as an optimization problem wherein the objective function is to maximize the probability of detecting the target. …”
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“…Based on the classical D-S theory, we proposed an improved D-S evidence fusion algorithm by modifying the original evidence model with a new probability distribution function and constructing new fusion rules, which can solve the fusion conflict problem well. …”
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“…These processes, observed as calcium sparks, are fundamental for proper function of cardiac muscle. In this study, we analyze how the characteristics of spontaneous and triggered calcium sparks are related to cardiac ryanodine receptor (RYR) gating. …”
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“…Clear evidence of preferential alignment of particles was seen at all sampling stations, where the orientation probability density function (PDF) peaked at near horizontal angles and coincided with regions of low velocity shear and weak turbulent dissipation rates. …”
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“…To accurately and reliably estimate the motion state of each LiDAR point considering the measurement uncertainty, both probability theory and evidence theory are employed in the segmentation algorithm. …”
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