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  1. 14181
    “…Since September 2009 a large programme to reduce the burden of malaria has started in the two communities by distribution of insecticide-treated bed nets (ITN) and intensification of indoor residual spraying (IRS). Human biting rates (HBRs), entomological inoculation rates (EIRs), malaria incidence rate (MIR) and Plasmodium carrier’s prevalence were used as outcomes to estimate the impact of the control measures. …”
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    Integrated vector management targeting Anopheles darlingi populations decreases malaria incidence in an unstable transmission area, in the rural Brazilian Amazon
  2. 14182
    “…Sustained and high coverage or roll out of current approaches to malaria control (primarily insecticide-treated bed nets and indoor residual house spraying) in the area are likely to reduce the observed high malaria transmission rate and consequently the incidence of human infections, unless impeded by increasing resistance of vectors to insecticides.…”
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    Entomological indices of malaria transmission in Chikhwawa district, Southern Malawi
  3. 14183
    “…The scenario parameterization was most sensitive to changes in the timing and effectiveness of indoor residual spraying (IRS) and the method used to detect P. falciparum in humans. …”
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    Simulation of malaria epidemiology and control in the highlands of western Kenya
  4. 14184
    “…Two provinces received long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) and two provinces received biannual indoor residual spraying (IRS). Enhanced case management and communications were introduced throughout. …”
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    Five years of malaria control in the continental region, Equatorial Guinea
  5. 14185
    “…Malaria prevalence remains high in many African countries despite massive scaling-up of insecticide treated nets (ITN) and indoor residual spraying (IRS). This paper evaluates the protective effect of pyrethroid IRS and ITNs in relation to risk factors for malaria based on a study conducted in North-West Tanzania, where IRS has been conducted since 2007 and universal coverage of ITNs has been carried out recently. …”
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    Malaria Risk Factors in North West Tanzania: The Effect of Spraying, Nets and Wealth
  6. 14186
    “…Major malaria control interventions between 2008 and 2010 in sub-counties where these sites are located included Indoor residual spraying (IRS) conducted in Aduku; insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) distributed in Nagongera and Kamwezi. …”
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    Malaria Trends in Six Outpatient Sites in Uganda, 2008—2011
  7. 14187
    “…However, little is known about how B cell populations and antigen-specific memory B cells change in the absence of P. falciparum infection. A successful indoor residual insecticide spraying campaign in a highland area of western Kenya, led to an absence of blood-stage P. falciparum infection between March 2007 and April 2008. …”
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    Changes in B Cell Populations and Merozoite Surface Protein-1-Specific Memory B Cell Responses after Prolonged Absence of Detectable P. falciparum Infection
  8. 14188
    “…Among current smokers, Alaska Natives were more likely to believe second-hand smoke (SHS) was very harmful (OR=4.5, 95% CI: 2.8–7.2), to believe that smoking should not be allowed in indoor work areas (OR=1.9, 95% CI: 1.1–3.1) or in restaurants (OR=4.2, 95% CI: 2.5–6.9), to have a home smoking ban (OR=2.5, 95% CI: 1.6–3.9), and to have no home exposure to SHS in the past 30 days (OR=2.3, 95% CI: 1.5–3.6) than non-Natives. …”
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    Smoking-related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors among Alaska Native people: a population-based study
  9. 14189
    “…Participants were randomized to receive filtered light (intervention) or standard indoor light (baseline) on night shifts. Nighttime sleep after two night shifts and daytime sleep in between two night shifts was assessed by polysomnography (PSG). …”
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    Effects of Filtering Visual Short Wavelengths During Nocturnal Shiftwork on Sleep and Performance
  10. 14190
    “…If this trial indicates that reducing indoor air pollution is feasible and effective in resource-limited settings like Peru, Kenya and Nepal, trials and programs to modify the open burning of biomass fuels by installation of low-cost ventilated cookstoves could significantly reduce the burden of illness and death worldwide. …”
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    Feasibility intervention trial of two types of improved cookstoves in three resource-limited settings: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
  11. 14191
    “…NGCB use increased the sample median of the highest simulated 1-hr indoor concentrations by 100, 3,000, and 20 ppb for NO(2), CO, and HCHO, respectively. …”
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    Pollutant Exposures from Natural Gas Cooking Burners: A Simulation-Based Assessment for Southern California
  12. 14192
    por Hussain, Syed Md Akram
    Publicado 2013
    “…Regular cancer treatment is available in 19 hospitals and 465 hospital beds are attached as indoor or day care facilities for chemotherapy in the oncology/radiotherapy departments. …”
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    Comprehensive update on cancer scenario of Bangladesh
  13. 14193
    “…Skin prick test (SPT) with ten common airborne indoor and outdoor allergens, lung function test, and methacholine test was performed among subjects ≤60 years of age. …”
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    Sensitization to airborne allergens among adults and its impact on allergic symptoms: a population survey in northern Vietnam
  14. 14194
    “…To combat pyrethroid resistance, application of alternative insecticides is advocated for indoor residual spraying (IRS), and carbamates are increasingly important. …”
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    CYP6 P450 Enzymes and ACE-1 Duplication Produce Extreme and Multiple Insecticide Resistance in the Malaria Mosquito Anopheles gambiae
  15. 14195
    “…BACKGROUND: Despite being the third largest tobacco producer in the world, Brazil has developed a comprehensive tobacco control policy that includes a broad restriction on both advertising and smoking in indoor public places, compulsory pictorial warning labels, and a menthol cigarette ban. …”
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    How smokers may react to cigarette taxes and price increases in Brazil: data from a national survey
  16. 14196
    por Killeen, Gerry F, Chitnis, Nakul
    Publicado 2014
    “…However, persistently indoor-feeding vectors, that evade intradomiciliary insecticide exposure, are at least equally important. …”
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    Potential causes and consequences of behavioural resilience and resistance in malaria vector populations: a mathematical modelling analysis
  17. 14197
    “…We applied multiple logistic and linear regression analyses adjusted for age, indoor mould, smoking, passive smoking and socio-economic status and additionally conducted sensitivity analyses. …”
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    Air pollution and subclinical airway inflammation in the SALIA cohort study
  18. 14198
    “…CONCLUSION: It was concluded that children living in one of the air pollution priority areas of South Africa, have an increased risk of wheezing due to exposure to both indoor and outdoor air pollution sources.…”
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    Association between wheeze and selected air pollution sources in an air pollution priority area in South Africa: a cross-sectional study
  19. 14199
    “…BACKGROUND: Increasing pyrethroid resistance in malaria vectors has been reported in western Kenya where long lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS) are the mainstays of vector control. …”
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    Pyrethroid susceptibility of malaria vectors in four Districts of western Kenya
  20. 14200
    “…BACKGROUND: Airborne transmission of respiratory infectious disease in indoor environment (e.g. airplane cabin, conference room, hospital, isolated room and inpatient ward) may cause outbreaks of infectious diseases, which may lead to many infection cases and significantly influences on the public health. …”
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    Effect of human movement on airborne disease transmission in an airplane cabin: study using numerical modeling and quantitative risk analysis
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