Contamination Pattern and Risk Assessment of Polar Compounds in Snow Melt: An Integrative Proxy of Road Runoffs
[Image: see text] To assess the contamination and potential risk of snow melt with polar compounds, road and background snow was sampled during a melting event at 23 sites at the city of Leipzig and screened for 489 chemicals using liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry with target...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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American Chemical Society
2023
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10018729/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36862848 http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.2c05784 |
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author | Maurer, Loïc Carmona, Eric Machate, Oliver Schulze, Tobias Krauss, Martin Brack, Werner |
author_facet | Maurer, Loïc Carmona, Eric Machate, Oliver Schulze, Tobias Krauss, Martin Brack, Werner |
author_sort | Maurer, Loïc |
collection | PubMed |
description | [Image: see text] To assess the contamination and potential risk of snow melt with polar compounds, road and background snow was sampled during a melting event at 23 sites at the city of Leipzig and screened for 489 chemicals using liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry with target screening. Additionally, six 24 h composite samples were taken from the influent and effluent of the Leipzig wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) during the snow melt event. 207 compounds were at least detected once (concentrations between 0.80 ng/L and 75 μg/L). Consistent patterns of traffic-related compounds dominated the chemical profile (58 compounds in concentrations from 1.3 ng/L to 75 μg/L) and among them were 2-benzothiazole sulfonic acid and 1-cyclohexyl-3-phenylurea from tire wear and denatonium used as a bittern in vehicle fluids. Besides, the analysis unveiled the presence of the rubber additive 6-PPD and its transformation product N-(1.3-dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine quinone (6-PPDQ) at concentrations known to cause acute toxicity in sensitive fish species. The analysis also detected 149 other compounds such as food additives, pharmaceuticals, and pesticides. Several biocides were identified as major risk contributors, with a more site-specific occurrence, to acute toxic risks to algae (five samples) and invertebrates (six samples). Ametryn, flumioxazin, and 1,2-cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid diisononyl ester are the main compounds contributing to toxic risk for algae, while etofenprox and bendiocarb are found as the main contributors for crustacean risk. Correlations between concentrations in the WWTP influent and flow rate allowed us to discriminate compounds with snow melt and urban runoff as major sources from other compounds with other dominant sources. Removal rates in the WWTP showed that some traffic-related compounds were largely eliminated (removal rate higher than 80%) during wastewater treatment and among them was 6-PPDQ, while others persisted in the WWTP. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10018729 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | American Chemical Society |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-100187292023-03-17 Contamination Pattern and Risk Assessment of Polar Compounds in Snow Melt: An Integrative Proxy of Road Runoffs Maurer, Loïc Carmona, Eric Machate, Oliver Schulze, Tobias Krauss, Martin Brack, Werner Environ Sci Technol [Image: see text] To assess the contamination and potential risk of snow melt with polar compounds, road and background snow was sampled during a melting event at 23 sites at the city of Leipzig and screened for 489 chemicals using liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry with target screening. Additionally, six 24 h composite samples were taken from the influent and effluent of the Leipzig wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) during the snow melt event. 207 compounds were at least detected once (concentrations between 0.80 ng/L and 75 μg/L). Consistent patterns of traffic-related compounds dominated the chemical profile (58 compounds in concentrations from 1.3 ng/L to 75 μg/L) and among them were 2-benzothiazole sulfonic acid and 1-cyclohexyl-3-phenylurea from tire wear and denatonium used as a bittern in vehicle fluids. Besides, the analysis unveiled the presence of the rubber additive 6-PPD and its transformation product N-(1.3-dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine quinone (6-PPDQ) at concentrations known to cause acute toxicity in sensitive fish species. The analysis also detected 149 other compounds such as food additives, pharmaceuticals, and pesticides. Several biocides were identified as major risk contributors, with a more site-specific occurrence, to acute toxic risks to algae (five samples) and invertebrates (six samples). Ametryn, flumioxazin, and 1,2-cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid diisononyl ester are the main compounds contributing to toxic risk for algae, while etofenprox and bendiocarb are found as the main contributors for crustacean risk. Correlations between concentrations in the WWTP influent and flow rate allowed us to discriminate compounds with snow melt and urban runoff as major sources from other compounds with other dominant sources. Removal rates in the WWTP showed that some traffic-related compounds were largely eliminated (removal rate higher than 80%) during wastewater treatment and among them was 6-PPDQ, while others persisted in the WWTP. American Chemical Society 2023-03-02 /pmc/articles/PMC10018729/ /pubmed/36862848 http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.2c05784 Text en © 2023 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Permits the broadest form of re-use including for commercial purposes, provided that author attribution and integrity are maintained (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Maurer, Loïc Carmona, Eric Machate, Oliver Schulze, Tobias Krauss, Martin Brack, Werner Contamination Pattern and Risk Assessment of Polar Compounds in Snow Melt: An Integrative Proxy of Road Runoffs |
title | Contamination Pattern
and Risk Assessment of Polar
Compounds in Snow Melt: An Integrative Proxy of Road Runoffs |
title_full | Contamination Pattern
and Risk Assessment of Polar
Compounds in Snow Melt: An Integrative Proxy of Road Runoffs |
title_fullStr | Contamination Pattern
and Risk Assessment of Polar
Compounds in Snow Melt: An Integrative Proxy of Road Runoffs |
title_full_unstemmed | Contamination Pattern
and Risk Assessment of Polar
Compounds in Snow Melt: An Integrative Proxy of Road Runoffs |
title_short | Contamination Pattern
and Risk Assessment of Polar
Compounds in Snow Melt: An Integrative Proxy of Road Runoffs |
title_sort | contamination pattern
and risk assessment of polar
compounds in snow melt: an integrative proxy of road runoffs |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10018729/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36862848 http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.2c05784 |
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