Electrically Driven Plasmons in Metal–Insulator–Semiconductor Tunnel Junctions: The Role of Silicon Amorphization

[Image: see text] We investigate electrically driven plasmon (EDP) emission in metal–insulator–semiconductor tunnel junctions. We find that amorphization of the silicon crystal at a narrow region near the junction due to the applied voltage plays a critical role in determining the nature of the emission. Furthermore, we suggest that the change in the properties of the insulating layer above a threshold voltage determines the EDP spatial properties, from being spatially uniform when the device is subjected to low voltages, to a spotty pattern peaking at high voltages. We emphasize the role of the high-energy emission as an unambiguous tool for distinguishing between EDP and radiative recombination of electrons and holes in the semiconductor.