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Skeletal muscle mechanisms contributing to improved glycemic control following intense interval exercise and training
High-intensity and sprint interval training (HIIT and SIT, respectively) enhance insulin sensitivity and glycemic control in both healthy adults and those with cardiometabolic diseases. The beneficial effects of intense interval training on glycemic control include both improvements seen in the hour...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Chengdu Sport University
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10040385/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36994179 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.smhs.2023.01.002 |
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author | Islam, Hashim Gillen, Jenna B. |
author_facet | Islam, Hashim Gillen, Jenna B. |
author_sort | Islam, Hashim |
collection | PubMed |
description | High-intensity and sprint interval training (HIIT and SIT, respectively) enhance insulin sensitivity and glycemic control in both healthy adults and those with cardiometabolic diseases. The beneficial effects of intense interval training on glycemic control include both improvements seen in the hours to days following a single session of HIIT/SIT and those which accrue with chronic training. Skeletal muscle is the largest site of insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and plays an integral role in the beneficial effects of exercise on glycemic control. Here we summarize the skeletal muscle responses that contribute to improved glycemic control during and following a single session of interval exercise and evaluate the relationship between skeletal muscle remodelling and improved insulin sensitivity following HIIT/SIT training interventions. Recent evidence suggests that targeting skeletal muscle mechanisms via nutritional interventions around exercise, particularly with carbohydrate manipulation, can enhance the acute glycemic benefits of HIIT. There is also some evidence of sex-based differences in the glycemic benefits of intense interval exercise, with blunted responses observed after training in females relative to males. Differences in skeletal muscle metabolism between males and females may contribute to sex differences in insulin sensitivity following HIIT/SIT, but well-controlled studies evaluating purported muscle mechanisms alongside measurement of insulin sensitivity are needed. Given the greater representation of males in muscle physiology literature, there is also a need for more research involving female-only cohorts to enhance our basic understanding of how intense interval training influences muscle insulin sensitivity in females across the lifespan. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10040385 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | Chengdu Sport University |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-100403852023-03-28 Skeletal muscle mechanisms contributing to improved glycemic control following intense interval exercise and training Islam, Hashim Gillen, Jenna B. Sports Med Health Sci Review High-intensity and sprint interval training (HIIT and SIT, respectively) enhance insulin sensitivity and glycemic control in both healthy adults and those with cardiometabolic diseases. The beneficial effects of intense interval training on glycemic control include both improvements seen in the hours to days following a single session of HIIT/SIT and those which accrue with chronic training. Skeletal muscle is the largest site of insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and plays an integral role in the beneficial effects of exercise on glycemic control. Here we summarize the skeletal muscle responses that contribute to improved glycemic control during and following a single session of interval exercise and evaluate the relationship between skeletal muscle remodelling and improved insulin sensitivity following HIIT/SIT training interventions. Recent evidence suggests that targeting skeletal muscle mechanisms via nutritional interventions around exercise, particularly with carbohydrate manipulation, can enhance the acute glycemic benefits of HIIT. There is also some evidence of sex-based differences in the glycemic benefits of intense interval exercise, with blunted responses observed after training in females relative to males. Differences in skeletal muscle metabolism between males and females may contribute to sex differences in insulin sensitivity following HIIT/SIT, but well-controlled studies evaluating purported muscle mechanisms alongside measurement of insulin sensitivity are needed. Given the greater representation of males in muscle physiology literature, there is also a need for more research involving female-only cohorts to enhance our basic understanding of how intense interval training influences muscle insulin sensitivity in females across the lifespan. Chengdu Sport University 2023-01-25 /pmc/articles/PMC10040385/ /pubmed/36994179 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.smhs.2023.01.002 Text en © 2023 Chengdu Sport University. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co. Ltd. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Islam, Hashim Gillen, Jenna B. Skeletal muscle mechanisms contributing to improved glycemic control following intense interval exercise and training |
title | Skeletal muscle mechanisms contributing to improved glycemic control following intense interval exercise and training |
title_full | Skeletal muscle mechanisms contributing to improved glycemic control following intense interval exercise and training |
title_fullStr | Skeletal muscle mechanisms contributing to improved glycemic control following intense interval exercise and training |
title_full_unstemmed | Skeletal muscle mechanisms contributing to improved glycemic control following intense interval exercise and training |
title_short | Skeletal muscle mechanisms contributing to improved glycemic control following intense interval exercise and training |
title_sort | skeletal muscle mechanisms contributing to improved glycemic control following intense interval exercise and training |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10040385/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36994179 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.smhs.2023.01.002 |
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