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Alternative splicing derived invertebrate variable lymphocyte receptor displays diversity and specificity in immune system of crab Eriocheir sinensis
Variable lymphocyte receptors (VLRs) play vital roles in adaptive immune system of agnathan vertebrate. In the present study, we first discover a novel VLR gene, VLR2, from an invertebrate, the Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis. VLR2 has ten different isoforms formed via alternative splicing,...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10045472/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36999166 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.1105318 |
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author | Xu, Yuanfeng Yang, Yanan Zheng, Jinbin Cui, Zhaoxia |
author_facet | Xu, Yuanfeng Yang, Yanan Zheng, Jinbin Cui, Zhaoxia |
author_sort | Xu, Yuanfeng |
collection | PubMed |
description | Variable lymphocyte receptors (VLRs) play vital roles in adaptive immune system of agnathan vertebrate. In the present study, we first discover a novel VLR gene, VLR2, from an invertebrate, the Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis. VLR2 has ten different isoforms formed via alternative splicing, which is different from that in agnathan vertebrate with the assembly of LRR modules. The longest isoform, VLR2-L, responds to Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus challenge specifically, while shows no response to Gram-negative bacteria Vibrio parahaemolyticus challenge, confirmed by recombinant expression and bacterial binding experiments. Interestingly, VLR2s with short LRRs regions (VLR2-S8 and VLR2-S9) tend to bind to Gram-negative bacteria rather than Gram-positive bacteria. Antibacterial activity assay proves six isoforms of VLR2 have pluralistic antibacterial effects on bacteria which were never reported in invertebrate. These results suggest that the diversity and specificity of VLR2 resulted from alternative splicing and the length of the LRRs region. This pathogen-binding receptor diversity will lay the foundation for the study of immune priming. Furthermore, studying the immune function of VLR2 will provide a new insight into the disease control strategy of crustacean culture. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10045472 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-100454722023-03-29 Alternative splicing derived invertebrate variable lymphocyte receptor displays diversity and specificity in immune system of crab Eriocheir sinensis Xu, Yuanfeng Yang, Yanan Zheng, Jinbin Cui, Zhaoxia Front Immunol Immunology Variable lymphocyte receptors (VLRs) play vital roles in adaptive immune system of agnathan vertebrate. In the present study, we first discover a novel VLR gene, VLR2, from an invertebrate, the Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis. VLR2 has ten different isoforms formed via alternative splicing, which is different from that in agnathan vertebrate with the assembly of LRR modules. The longest isoform, VLR2-L, responds to Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus challenge specifically, while shows no response to Gram-negative bacteria Vibrio parahaemolyticus challenge, confirmed by recombinant expression and bacterial binding experiments. Interestingly, VLR2s with short LRRs regions (VLR2-S8 and VLR2-S9) tend to bind to Gram-negative bacteria rather than Gram-positive bacteria. Antibacterial activity assay proves six isoforms of VLR2 have pluralistic antibacterial effects on bacteria which were never reported in invertebrate. These results suggest that the diversity and specificity of VLR2 resulted from alternative splicing and the length of the LRRs region. This pathogen-binding receptor diversity will lay the foundation for the study of immune priming. Furthermore, studying the immune function of VLR2 will provide a new insight into the disease control strategy of crustacean culture. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-03-14 /pmc/articles/PMC10045472/ /pubmed/36999166 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.1105318 Text en Copyright © 2023 Xu, Yang, Zheng and Cui https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Immunology Xu, Yuanfeng Yang, Yanan Zheng, Jinbin Cui, Zhaoxia Alternative splicing derived invertebrate variable lymphocyte receptor displays diversity and specificity in immune system of crab Eriocheir sinensis |
title | Alternative splicing derived invertebrate variable lymphocyte receptor displays diversity and specificity in immune system of crab Eriocheir sinensis
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title_full | Alternative splicing derived invertebrate variable lymphocyte receptor displays diversity and specificity in immune system of crab Eriocheir sinensis
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title_fullStr | Alternative splicing derived invertebrate variable lymphocyte receptor displays diversity and specificity in immune system of crab Eriocheir sinensis
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title_full_unstemmed | Alternative splicing derived invertebrate variable lymphocyte receptor displays diversity and specificity in immune system of crab Eriocheir sinensis
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title_short | Alternative splicing derived invertebrate variable lymphocyte receptor displays diversity and specificity in immune system of crab Eriocheir sinensis
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title_sort | alternative splicing derived invertebrate variable lymphocyte receptor displays diversity and specificity in immune system of crab eriocheir sinensis |
topic | Immunology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10045472/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36999166 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.1105318 |
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