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Alternative splicing derived invertebrate variable lymphocyte receptor displays diversity and specificity in immune system of crab Eriocheir sinensis

Variable lymphocyte receptors (VLRs) play vital roles in adaptive immune system of agnathan vertebrate. In the present study, we first discover a novel VLR gene, VLR2, from an invertebrate, the Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis. VLR2 has ten different isoforms formed via alternative splicing,...

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Autores principales: Xu, Yuanfeng, Yang, Yanan, Zheng, Jinbin, Cui, Zhaoxia
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10045472/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36999166
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.1105318
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author Xu, Yuanfeng
Yang, Yanan
Zheng, Jinbin
Cui, Zhaoxia
author_facet Xu, Yuanfeng
Yang, Yanan
Zheng, Jinbin
Cui, Zhaoxia
author_sort Xu, Yuanfeng
collection PubMed
description Variable lymphocyte receptors (VLRs) play vital roles in adaptive immune system of agnathan vertebrate. In the present study, we first discover a novel VLR gene, VLR2, from an invertebrate, the Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis. VLR2 has ten different isoforms formed via alternative splicing, which is different from that in agnathan vertebrate with the assembly of LRR modules. The longest isoform, VLR2-L, responds to Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus challenge specifically, while shows no response to Gram-negative bacteria Vibrio parahaemolyticus challenge, confirmed by recombinant expression and bacterial binding experiments. Interestingly, VLR2s with short LRRs regions (VLR2-S8 and VLR2-S9) tend to bind to Gram-negative bacteria rather than Gram-positive bacteria. Antibacterial activity assay proves six isoforms of VLR2 have pluralistic antibacterial effects on bacteria which were never reported in invertebrate. These results suggest that the diversity and specificity of VLR2 resulted from alternative splicing and the length of the LRRs region. This pathogen-binding receptor diversity will lay the foundation for the study of immune priming. Furthermore, studying the immune function of VLR2 will provide a new insight into the disease control strategy of crustacean culture.
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spelling pubmed-100454722023-03-29 Alternative splicing derived invertebrate variable lymphocyte receptor displays diversity and specificity in immune system of crab Eriocheir sinensis Xu, Yuanfeng Yang, Yanan Zheng, Jinbin Cui, Zhaoxia Front Immunol Immunology Variable lymphocyte receptors (VLRs) play vital roles in adaptive immune system of agnathan vertebrate. In the present study, we first discover a novel VLR gene, VLR2, from an invertebrate, the Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis. VLR2 has ten different isoforms formed via alternative splicing, which is different from that in agnathan vertebrate with the assembly of LRR modules. The longest isoform, VLR2-L, responds to Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus challenge specifically, while shows no response to Gram-negative bacteria Vibrio parahaemolyticus challenge, confirmed by recombinant expression and bacterial binding experiments. Interestingly, VLR2s with short LRRs regions (VLR2-S8 and VLR2-S9) tend to bind to Gram-negative bacteria rather than Gram-positive bacteria. Antibacterial activity assay proves six isoforms of VLR2 have pluralistic antibacterial effects on bacteria which were never reported in invertebrate. These results suggest that the diversity and specificity of VLR2 resulted from alternative splicing and the length of the LRRs region. This pathogen-binding receptor diversity will lay the foundation for the study of immune priming. Furthermore, studying the immune function of VLR2 will provide a new insight into the disease control strategy of crustacean culture. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-03-14 /pmc/articles/PMC10045472/ /pubmed/36999166 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.1105318 Text en Copyright © 2023 Xu, Yang, Zheng and Cui https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Immunology
Xu, Yuanfeng
Yang, Yanan
Zheng, Jinbin
Cui, Zhaoxia
Alternative splicing derived invertebrate variable lymphocyte receptor displays diversity and specificity in immune system of crab Eriocheir sinensis
title Alternative splicing derived invertebrate variable lymphocyte receptor displays diversity and specificity in immune system of crab Eriocheir sinensis
title_full Alternative splicing derived invertebrate variable lymphocyte receptor displays diversity and specificity in immune system of crab Eriocheir sinensis
title_fullStr Alternative splicing derived invertebrate variable lymphocyte receptor displays diversity and specificity in immune system of crab Eriocheir sinensis
title_full_unstemmed Alternative splicing derived invertebrate variable lymphocyte receptor displays diversity and specificity in immune system of crab Eriocheir sinensis
title_short Alternative splicing derived invertebrate variable lymphocyte receptor displays diversity and specificity in immune system of crab Eriocheir sinensis
title_sort alternative splicing derived invertebrate variable lymphocyte receptor displays diversity and specificity in immune system of crab eriocheir sinensis
topic Immunology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10045472/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36999166
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.1105318
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