Cargando…

Triterpenoids of Three Apple Cultivars—Biosynthesis, Antioxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Properties, and Fate during Processing

Triterpenoids are a group of secondary plant metabolites, with a remarkable pharmacological potential, occurring in the cuticular waxes of the aerial parts of plants. The aim of this study was to analyze triterpenoid variability in the fruits and leaves of three apple cultivars during the growing se...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Woźniak, Łukasz, Szakiel, Anna, Głowacka, Agnieszka, Rozpara, Elżbieta, Marszałek, Krystian, Skąpska, Sylwia
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10058748/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36985556
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28062584
_version_ 1785016709144379392
author Woźniak, Łukasz
Szakiel, Anna
Głowacka, Agnieszka
Rozpara, Elżbieta
Marszałek, Krystian
Skąpska, Sylwia
author_facet Woźniak, Łukasz
Szakiel, Anna
Głowacka, Agnieszka
Rozpara, Elżbieta
Marszałek, Krystian
Skąpska, Sylwia
author_sort Woźniak, Łukasz
collection PubMed
description Triterpenoids are a group of secondary plant metabolites, with a remarkable pharmacological potential, occurring in the cuticular waxes of the aerial parts of plants. The aim of this study was to analyze triterpenoid variability in the fruits and leaves of three apple cultivars during the growing season and gain new insights into their health-promoting properties and fate during juice and purée production. The identification and quantification of the compounds of interest were conducted using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The waxes of both matrices contained similar analytes; however, their quantitative patterns varied: triterpenic acids prevailed in the fruits, while higher contents of steroids and esterified forms were observed in the leaves. The total triterpenoid content per unit area was stable during the growing season; the percentage of esters increased in the later phases of growth. Antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties were evaluated with a series of in vitro assays. Triterpenoids were found to be the main anti-inflammatory compounds in the apples, while their impact on antioxidant capacity was minor. The apples were processed on a lab scale to obtain juices and purées. The apple purée and cloudy juice contained only some of the triterpenoids present in the raw fruit, while the clear juices were virtually free of those lipophilic compounds.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-10058748
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2023
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-100587482023-03-30 Triterpenoids of Three Apple Cultivars—Biosynthesis, Antioxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Properties, and Fate during Processing Woźniak, Łukasz Szakiel, Anna Głowacka, Agnieszka Rozpara, Elżbieta Marszałek, Krystian Skąpska, Sylwia Molecules Article Triterpenoids are a group of secondary plant metabolites, with a remarkable pharmacological potential, occurring in the cuticular waxes of the aerial parts of plants. The aim of this study was to analyze triterpenoid variability in the fruits and leaves of three apple cultivars during the growing season and gain new insights into their health-promoting properties and fate during juice and purée production. The identification and quantification of the compounds of interest were conducted using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The waxes of both matrices contained similar analytes; however, their quantitative patterns varied: triterpenic acids prevailed in the fruits, while higher contents of steroids and esterified forms were observed in the leaves. The total triterpenoid content per unit area was stable during the growing season; the percentage of esters increased in the later phases of growth. Antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties were evaluated with a series of in vitro assays. Triterpenoids were found to be the main anti-inflammatory compounds in the apples, while their impact on antioxidant capacity was minor. The apples were processed on a lab scale to obtain juices and purées. The apple purée and cloudy juice contained only some of the triterpenoids present in the raw fruit, while the clear juices were virtually free of those lipophilic compounds. MDPI 2023-03-13 /pmc/articles/PMC10058748/ /pubmed/36985556 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28062584 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Woźniak, Łukasz
Szakiel, Anna
Głowacka, Agnieszka
Rozpara, Elżbieta
Marszałek, Krystian
Skąpska, Sylwia
Triterpenoids of Three Apple Cultivars—Biosynthesis, Antioxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Properties, and Fate during Processing
title Triterpenoids of Three Apple Cultivars—Biosynthesis, Antioxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Properties, and Fate during Processing
title_full Triterpenoids of Three Apple Cultivars—Biosynthesis, Antioxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Properties, and Fate during Processing
title_fullStr Triterpenoids of Three Apple Cultivars—Biosynthesis, Antioxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Properties, and Fate during Processing
title_full_unstemmed Triterpenoids of Three Apple Cultivars—Biosynthesis, Antioxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Properties, and Fate during Processing
title_short Triterpenoids of Three Apple Cultivars—Biosynthesis, Antioxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Properties, and Fate during Processing
title_sort triterpenoids of three apple cultivars—biosynthesis, antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties, and fate during processing
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10058748/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36985556
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28062584
work_keys_str_mv AT wozniakłukasz triterpenoidsofthreeapplecultivarsbiosynthesisantioxidativeandantiinflammatorypropertiesandfateduringprocessing
AT szakielanna triterpenoidsofthreeapplecultivarsbiosynthesisantioxidativeandantiinflammatorypropertiesandfateduringprocessing
AT głowackaagnieszka triterpenoidsofthreeapplecultivarsbiosynthesisantioxidativeandantiinflammatorypropertiesandfateduringprocessing
AT rozparaelzbieta triterpenoidsofthreeapplecultivarsbiosynthesisantioxidativeandantiinflammatorypropertiesandfateduringprocessing
AT marszałekkrystian triterpenoidsofthreeapplecultivarsbiosynthesisantioxidativeandantiinflammatorypropertiesandfateduringprocessing
AT skapskasylwia triterpenoidsofthreeapplecultivarsbiosynthesisantioxidativeandantiinflammatorypropertiesandfateduringprocessing