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Detection of Clostridium botulinum in Some Egyptian Fish Products, Its Control In Vitro Using Citrus Leaves Extracts, and Applicability of Citrus limon Leaf Extract in Tuna

This study aims to detect Clostridium botulinum and its control using natural leaf extracts of Citrus limon, Citrus sinensis, and Citrus unshiu in Egyptian fish products, e.g., canned tuna, canned sardine, canned mackerel, fesikh, moloha, and renga, as well the application of C. limon in tuna. Moreo...

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Autores principales: Hamad, Gamal, Hafez, Elsayed E., Sobhy, Sherien E., Mehany, Taha, Elfayoumy, Reham A., Elghazaly, Eman M., Eskander, Michael, Tawfik, Rasha G., Hussein, Saleh M., Pereira, Leonel
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10093640/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37048287
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12071466
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author Hamad, Gamal
Hafez, Elsayed E.
Sobhy, Sherien E.
Mehany, Taha
Elfayoumy, Reham A.
Elghazaly, Eman M.
Eskander, Michael
Tawfik, Rasha G.
Hussein, Saleh M.
Pereira, Leonel
author_facet Hamad, Gamal
Hafez, Elsayed E.
Sobhy, Sherien E.
Mehany, Taha
Elfayoumy, Reham A.
Elghazaly, Eman M.
Eskander, Michael
Tawfik, Rasha G.
Hussein, Saleh M.
Pereira, Leonel
author_sort Hamad, Gamal
collection PubMed
description This study aims to detect Clostridium botulinum and its control using natural leaf extracts of Citrus limon, Citrus sinensis, and Citrus unshiu in Egyptian fish products, e.g., canned tuna, canned sardine, canned mackerel, fesikh, moloha, and renga, as well the application of C. limon in tuna. Moreover, the antibacterial activity of the C. limon leaf extract was also estimated. In the water extract, ascorbic acid, total flavonoid content (TFC), and total phenolic content (TPC) were determined by volumetric, aluminum chloride, and Folin–Ciocalteu approaches, respectively. The antioxidant ability of the extract was analyzed in vitro via free radical scavenging (DPPH) and Ferric reducing assays. The results showed variability in the distribution of the total number of positive C. botulinum in fish samples from three different governorates under study, which were (24) Alexandria, (16) Beheira, and (17) Gharbia, out of the 120 tested samples in each governorate. Additionally, the findings revealed that all three Citrus extracts contain an appropriate number of secondary metabolites, with a sustainable presence of saponin and tannins in the C. limon extract. Furthermore, all Citrus extracts inhibited bacterial growth by increasing the inhibition zone, with C. limon being the best extract (25 mm) compared to C. sinensis and C. unshiu. The overall results showed the high antioxidant and anti-Clostridium powers (p < 0.05) of C. limon leaf extract, indicating its preservative activity in fishery products during storage. Finally, C. limon leaf extract can fight off C. botulinum and is considered a promising natural preservation candidate in ensuring safe and fresh fishery products.
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spelling pubmed-100936402023-04-13 Detection of Clostridium botulinum in Some Egyptian Fish Products, Its Control In Vitro Using Citrus Leaves Extracts, and Applicability of Citrus limon Leaf Extract in Tuna Hamad, Gamal Hafez, Elsayed E. Sobhy, Sherien E. Mehany, Taha Elfayoumy, Reham A. Elghazaly, Eman M. Eskander, Michael Tawfik, Rasha G. Hussein, Saleh M. Pereira, Leonel Foods Article This study aims to detect Clostridium botulinum and its control using natural leaf extracts of Citrus limon, Citrus sinensis, and Citrus unshiu in Egyptian fish products, e.g., canned tuna, canned sardine, canned mackerel, fesikh, moloha, and renga, as well the application of C. limon in tuna. Moreover, the antibacterial activity of the C. limon leaf extract was also estimated. In the water extract, ascorbic acid, total flavonoid content (TFC), and total phenolic content (TPC) were determined by volumetric, aluminum chloride, and Folin–Ciocalteu approaches, respectively. The antioxidant ability of the extract was analyzed in vitro via free radical scavenging (DPPH) and Ferric reducing assays. The results showed variability in the distribution of the total number of positive C. botulinum in fish samples from three different governorates under study, which were (24) Alexandria, (16) Beheira, and (17) Gharbia, out of the 120 tested samples in each governorate. Additionally, the findings revealed that all three Citrus extracts contain an appropriate number of secondary metabolites, with a sustainable presence of saponin and tannins in the C. limon extract. Furthermore, all Citrus extracts inhibited bacterial growth by increasing the inhibition zone, with C. limon being the best extract (25 mm) compared to C. sinensis and C. unshiu. The overall results showed the high antioxidant and anti-Clostridium powers (p < 0.05) of C. limon leaf extract, indicating its preservative activity in fishery products during storage. Finally, C. limon leaf extract can fight off C. botulinum and is considered a promising natural preservation candidate in ensuring safe and fresh fishery products. MDPI 2023-03-29 /pmc/articles/PMC10093640/ /pubmed/37048287 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12071466 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Hamad, Gamal
Hafez, Elsayed E.
Sobhy, Sherien E.
Mehany, Taha
Elfayoumy, Reham A.
Elghazaly, Eman M.
Eskander, Michael
Tawfik, Rasha G.
Hussein, Saleh M.
Pereira, Leonel
Detection of Clostridium botulinum in Some Egyptian Fish Products, Its Control In Vitro Using Citrus Leaves Extracts, and Applicability of Citrus limon Leaf Extract in Tuna
title Detection of Clostridium botulinum in Some Egyptian Fish Products, Its Control In Vitro Using Citrus Leaves Extracts, and Applicability of Citrus limon Leaf Extract in Tuna
title_full Detection of Clostridium botulinum in Some Egyptian Fish Products, Its Control In Vitro Using Citrus Leaves Extracts, and Applicability of Citrus limon Leaf Extract in Tuna
title_fullStr Detection of Clostridium botulinum in Some Egyptian Fish Products, Its Control In Vitro Using Citrus Leaves Extracts, and Applicability of Citrus limon Leaf Extract in Tuna
title_full_unstemmed Detection of Clostridium botulinum in Some Egyptian Fish Products, Its Control In Vitro Using Citrus Leaves Extracts, and Applicability of Citrus limon Leaf Extract in Tuna
title_short Detection of Clostridium botulinum in Some Egyptian Fish Products, Its Control In Vitro Using Citrus Leaves Extracts, and Applicability of Citrus limon Leaf Extract in Tuna
title_sort detection of clostridium botulinum in some egyptian fish products, its control in vitro using citrus leaves extracts, and applicability of citrus limon leaf extract in tuna
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10093640/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37048287
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12071466
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