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Hypoxia‐Inducible Factor‐2α Signaling in the Skeletal System

Hypoxia‐inducible factors (HIFs) are oxygen‐dependent heterodimeric transcription factors that mediate molecular responses to reductions in cellular oxygen (hypoxia). HIF signaling involves stable HIF‐β subunits and labile, oxygen‐sensitive HIF‐α subunits. Under hypoxic conditions, the HIF‐α subunit...

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Autores principales: Mendoza, Sarah V, Genetos, Damian C, Yellowley, Clare E
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10097641/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37065626
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm4.10733
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author Mendoza, Sarah V
Genetos, Damian C
Yellowley, Clare E
author_facet Mendoza, Sarah V
Genetos, Damian C
Yellowley, Clare E
author_sort Mendoza, Sarah V
collection PubMed
description Hypoxia‐inducible factors (HIFs) are oxygen‐dependent heterodimeric transcription factors that mediate molecular responses to reductions in cellular oxygen (hypoxia). HIF signaling involves stable HIF‐β subunits and labile, oxygen‐sensitive HIF‐α subunits. Under hypoxic conditions, the HIF‐α subunit is stabilized, complexes with nucleus‐confined HIF‐β subunit, and transcriptionally regulates hypoxia‐adaptive genes. Transcriptional responses to hypoxia include altered energy metabolism, angiogenesis, erythropoiesis, and cell fate. Three isoforms of HIF‐α—HIF‐1α, HIF‐2α, and HIF‐3α—are found in diverse cell types. HIF‐1α and HIF‐2α serve as transcriptional activators, whereas HIF‐3α restricts HIF‐1α and HIF‐2α. The structure and isoform‐specific functions of HIF‐1α in mediating molecular responses to hypoxia are well established across a wide range of cell and tissue types. The contributions of HIF‐2α to hypoxic adaptation are often unconsidered if not outrightly attributed to HIF‐1α. This review establishes what is currently known about the diverse roles of HIF‐2α in mediating the hypoxic response in skeletal tissues, with specific focus on development and maintenance of skeletal fitness. © 2023 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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spelling pubmed-100976412023-04-14 Hypoxia‐Inducible Factor‐2α Signaling in the Skeletal System Mendoza, Sarah V Genetos, Damian C Yellowley, Clare E JBMR Plus Review Hypoxia‐inducible factors (HIFs) are oxygen‐dependent heterodimeric transcription factors that mediate molecular responses to reductions in cellular oxygen (hypoxia). HIF signaling involves stable HIF‐β subunits and labile, oxygen‐sensitive HIF‐α subunits. Under hypoxic conditions, the HIF‐α subunit is stabilized, complexes with nucleus‐confined HIF‐β subunit, and transcriptionally regulates hypoxia‐adaptive genes. Transcriptional responses to hypoxia include altered energy metabolism, angiogenesis, erythropoiesis, and cell fate. Three isoforms of HIF‐α—HIF‐1α, HIF‐2α, and HIF‐3α—are found in diverse cell types. HIF‐1α and HIF‐2α serve as transcriptional activators, whereas HIF‐3α restricts HIF‐1α and HIF‐2α. The structure and isoform‐specific functions of HIF‐1α in mediating molecular responses to hypoxia are well established across a wide range of cell and tissue types. The contributions of HIF‐2α to hypoxic adaptation are often unconsidered if not outrightly attributed to HIF‐1α. This review establishes what is currently known about the diverse roles of HIF‐2α in mediating the hypoxic response in skeletal tissues, with specific focus on development and maintenance of skeletal fitness. © 2023 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2023-02-26 /pmc/articles/PMC10097641/ /pubmed/37065626 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm4.10733 Text en © 2023 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Review
Mendoza, Sarah V
Genetos, Damian C
Yellowley, Clare E
Hypoxia‐Inducible Factor‐2α Signaling in the Skeletal System
title Hypoxia‐Inducible Factor‐2α Signaling in the Skeletal System
title_full Hypoxia‐Inducible Factor‐2α Signaling in the Skeletal System
title_fullStr Hypoxia‐Inducible Factor‐2α Signaling in the Skeletal System
title_full_unstemmed Hypoxia‐Inducible Factor‐2α Signaling in the Skeletal System
title_short Hypoxia‐Inducible Factor‐2α Signaling in the Skeletal System
title_sort hypoxia‐inducible factor‐2α signaling in the skeletal system
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10097641/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37065626
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm4.10733
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