Virtual Screening and Biological Evaluation of Novel Low Molecular Weight Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Inhibitor for the Treatment of Insulin Resistance

PURPOSE: Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) play an essential way in diseases including cancer, obesity, diabetes and autoimmune disorders. As a member of PTPs, low molecular weight PTP (LMPTP) has been a well-recognized anti-insulin resistance target in obesity. However, the number of reported LMPTP inhibitors is limited. Our research aims to discover a novel LMPTP inhibitor and evaluate its biological activity against insulin resistance. METHODS: A virtual screening pipeline based on the X-ray co-crystal complex of LMPTP was constructed. Enzyme inhibition assay and cellular bioassay were used to evaluate the activity of screened compounds. RESULTS: The screening pipeline rendered 15 potential hits from Specs chemical library. Enzyme inhibition assay identified compound F9 (AN-465/41163730) as a potential LMPTP inhibitor with a K(i) value of 21.5 ± 7.3 μM. Cellular bioassay showed F9 could effectively increase the glucose consumption of HepG2 cells as a result of releasing insulin resistance by regulating PI3K-Akt pathway. CONCLUSION: In summary, this study presents a versatile virtual screening pipeline for potential LMPTP inhibitor discovery and provides a novel-scaffold lead compound that is worthy of further modification to get more potent LMPTP inhibitors.