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Pre-pandemic SARS-CoV-2-specific IFN-γ and antibody responses were low in Ugandan samples and significantly reduced in HIV-positive specimens

INTRODUCTION: We investigated whether prior SARS-CoV-2-specific IFN-γ and antibody responses in Ugandan COVID-19 pre-pandemic specimens aligned to this population's low disease severity. METHODS: We used nucleoprotein (N), spike (S), NTD, RBD, envelope, membrane, SD1/2-directed IFN-γ ELISpots,...

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Autores principales: Nantambi, Hellen, Sembera, Jackson, Ankunda, Violet, Ssali, Ivan, Kalyebi, Arthur Watelo, Oluka, Gerald Kevin, Kato, Laban, Ubaldo, Bahemuka, Kibengo, Freddie, Katende, Joseph Ssebwana, Gombe, Ben, Baine, Claire, Odoch, Geoffrey, Mugaba, Susan, Sande, Obondo James, Kaleebu, Pontiano, Serwanga, Jennifer
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10154590/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37153598
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1148877
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author Nantambi, Hellen
Sembera, Jackson
Ankunda, Violet
Ssali, Ivan
Kalyebi, Arthur Watelo
Oluka, Gerald Kevin
Kato, Laban
Ubaldo, Bahemuka
Kibengo, Freddie
Katende, Joseph Ssebwana
Gombe, Ben
Baine, Claire
Odoch, Geoffrey
Mugaba, Susan
Sande, Obondo James
Kaleebu, Pontiano
Serwanga, Jennifer
author_facet Nantambi, Hellen
Sembera, Jackson
Ankunda, Violet
Ssali, Ivan
Kalyebi, Arthur Watelo
Oluka, Gerald Kevin
Kato, Laban
Ubaldo, Bahemuka
Kibengo, Freddie
Katende, Joseph Ssebwana
Gombe, Ben
Baine, Claire
Odoch, Geoffrey
Mugaba, Susan
Sande, Obondo James
Kaleebu, Pontiano
Serwanga, Jennifer
author_sort Nantambi, Hellen
collection PubMed
description INTRODUCTION: We investigated whether prior SARS-CoV-2-specific IFN-γ and antibody responses in Ugandan COVID-19 pre-pandemic specimens aligned to this population's low disease severity. METHODS: We used nucleoprotein (N), spike (S), NTD, RBD, envelope, membrane, SD1/2-directed IFN-γ ELISpots, and an S- and N-IgG antibody ELISA to screen for SARS-CoV-2-specific cross-reactivity. RESULTS: HCoV-OC43-, HCoV-229E-, and SARS-CoV-2-specific IFN-γ occurred in 23, 15, and 17 of 104 specimens, respectively. Cross-reactive IgG was more common against the nucleoprotein (7/110, 15.5%; p = 0.0016, Fishers' Exact) than the spike (3/110, 2.72%). Specimens lacking anti-HuCoV antibodies had higher rates of pre-epidemic SARS-CoV-2-specific IFN-γ cross-reactivity (p-value = 0.00001, Fishers’ exact test), suggesting that exposure to additional factors not examined here might play a role. SARS-CoV-2-specific cross-reactive antibodies were significantly less common in HIV-positive specimens (p=0.017; Fishers' Exact test). Correlations between SARS-CoV-2- and HuCoV-specific IFN-γ responses were consistently weak in both HIV negative and positive specimens. DISCUSSION: These findings support the existence of pre-epidemic SARS-CoV-2-specific cellular and humoral cross-reactivity in this population. The data do not establish that these virus-specific IFN-γ and antibody responses are entirely specific to SARS-CoV-2. Inability of the antibodies to neutralise SARS-CoV-2 implies that prior exposure did not result in immunity. Correlations between SARS-CoV-2 and HuCoV-specific responses were consistently weak, suggesting that additional variables likely contributed to the pre-epidemic cross-reactivity patterns. The data suggests that surveillance efforts based on the nucleoprotein might overestimate the exposure to SARS-CoV-2 compared to inclusion of additional targets, like the spike protein. This study, while limited in scope, suggests that HIV-positive people are less likely than HIV-negative people to produce protective antibodies against SARS-CoV-2.
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spelling pubmed-101545902023-05-04 Pre-pandemic SARS-CoV-2-specific IFN-γ and antibody responses were low in Ugandan samples and significantly reduced in HIV-positive specimens Nantambi, Hellen Sembera, Jackson Ankunda, Violet Ssali, Ivan Kalyebi, Arthur Watelo Oluka, Gerald Kevin Kato, Laban Ubaldo, Bahemuka Kibengo, Freddie Katende, Joseph Ssebwana Gombe, Ben Baine, Claire Odoch, Geoffrey Mugaba, Susan Sande, Obondo James Kaleebu, Pontiano Serwanga, Jennifer Front Immunol Immunology INTRODUCTION: We investigated whether prior SARS-CoV-2-specific IFN-γ and antibody responses in Ugandan COVID-19 pre-pandemic specimens aligned to this population's low disease severity. METHODS: We used nucleoprotein (N), spike (S), NTD, RBD, envelope, membrane, SD1/2-directed IFN-γ ELISpots, and an S- and N-IgG antibody ELISA to screen for SARS-CoV-2-specific cross-reactivity. RESULTS: HCoV-OC43-, HCoV-229E-, and SARS-CoV-2-specific IFN-γ occurred in 23, 15, and 17 of 104 specimens, respectively. Cross-reactive IgG was more common against the nucleoprotein (7/110, 15.5%; p = 0.0016, Fishers' Exact) than the spike (3/110, 2.72%). Specimens lacking anti-HuCoV antibodies had higher rates of pre-epidemic SARS-CoV-2-specific IFN-γ cross-reactivity (p-value = 0.00001, Fishers’ exact test), suggesting that exposure to additional factors not examined here might play a role. SARS-CoV-2-specific cross-reactive antibodies were significantly less common in HIV-positive specimens (p=0.017; Fishers' Exact test). Correlations between SARS-CoV-2- and HuCoV-specific IFN-γ responses were consistently weak in both HIV negative and positive specimens. DISCUSSION: These findings support the existence of pre-epidemic SARS-CoV-2-specific cellular and humoral cross-reactivity in this population. The data do not establish that these virus-specific IFN-γ and antibody responses are entirely specific to SARS-CoV-2. Inability of the antibodies to neutralise SARS-CoV-2 implies that prior exposure did not result in immunity. Correlations between SARS-CoV-2 and HuCoV-specific responses were consistently weak, suggesting that additional variables likely contributed to the pre-epidemic cross-reactivity patterns. The data suggests that surveillance efforts based on the nucleoprotein might overestimate the exposure to SARS-CoV-2 compared to inclusion of additional targets, like the spike protein. This study, while limited in scope, suggests that HIV-positive people are less likely than HIV-negative people to produce protective antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-04-19 /pmc/articles/PMC10154590/ /pubmed/37153598 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1148877 Text en Copyright © 2023 Nantambi, Sembera, Ankunda, Ssali, Kalyebi, Oluka, Kato, Ubaldo, Kibengo, Katende, Gombe, Baine, Odoch, Mugaba, Sande, The COVID-19 Immunoprofiling Team, Kaleebu and Serwanga https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Immunology
Nantambi, Hellen
Sembera, Jackson
Ankunda, Violet
Ssali, Ivan
Kalyebi, Arthur Watelo
Oluka, Gerald Kevin
Kato, Laban
Ubaldo, Bahemuka
Kibengo, Freddie
Katende, Joseph Ssebwana
Gombe, Ben
Baine, Claire
Odoch, Geoffrey
Mugaba, Susan
Sande, Obondo James
Kaleebu, Pontiano
Serwanga, Jennifer
Pre-pandemic SARS-CoV-2-specific IFN-γ and antibody responses were low in Ugandan samples and significantly reduced in HIV-positive specimens
title Pre-pandemic SARS-CoV-2-specific IFN-γ and antibody responses were low in Ugandan samples and significantly reduced in HIV-positive specimens
title_full Pre-pandemic SARS-CoV-2-specific IFN-γ and antibody responses were low in Ugandan samples and significantly reduced in HIV-positive specimens
title_fullStr Pre-pandemic SARS-CoV-2-specific IFN-γ and antibody responses were low in Ugandan samples and significantly reduced in HIV-positive specimens
title_full_unstemmed Pre-pandemic SARS-CoV-2-specific IFN-γ and antibody responses were low in Ugandan samples and significantly reduced in HIV-positive specimens
title_short Pre-pandemic SARS-CoV-2-specific IFN-γ and antibody responses were low in Ugandan samples and significantly reduced in HIV-positive specimens
title_sort pre-pandemic sars-cov-2-specific ifn-γ and antibody responses were low in ugandan samples and significantly reduced in hiv-positive specimens
topic Immunology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10154590/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37153598
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1148877
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