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Effects of defoliation and nitrogen on carbon dioxide (CO(2)) emissions and microbial communities in soils of cherry tree orchards
BACKGROUND: In farmland, microbes in soils are affected by exogenous carbon, nitrogen, and soil depth and are responsible for soil organic carbon (SOC) mineralization. The cherry industry has been evolving rapidly in northwest China and emerged as a new source of income for local farmers to overcome...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
PeerJ Inc.
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10174058/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37180582 http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.15276 |
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author | Wang, Jing Wang, Yibo Xue, Ruifang Wang, Dandan Nan, Wenhui |
author_facet | Wang, Jing Wang, Yibo Xue, Ruifang Wang, Dandan Nan, Wenhui |
author_sort | Wang, Jing |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: In farmland, microbes in soils are affected by exogenous carbon, nitrogen, and soil depth and are responsible for soil organic carbon (SOC) mineralization. The cherry industry has been evolving rapidly in northwest China and emerged as a new source of income for local farmers to overcome poverty. Accordingly, it is highly imperative to probe the effect of defoliation and nitrogen addition on carbon dioxide (CO(2)) emissions and microbial communities in soils of dryland cherry orchards. METHODS: CO(2) emissions and microbial communities were determined in soil samples at three depths, including 0–10 cm, 10–30 cm, and 30–60 cm, from a 15-year-old rain-fed cherry orchard. The samples were respectively incubated with or without 1% defoliation under three input levels of nitrogen (0 mg kg(−1), 90 mg kg(−1), and 135 mg kg(−1)) at 25°C in the dark for 80 days. RESULTS: Defoliation and nitrogen addition affected CO(2) emissions and microbial communities and increased microbial biomass carbon (MBC), the activity of soil catalase, alkaline phosphatase, and cellulase in soils of the dryland cherry orchard. The culture with defoliation significantly promoted CO(2) emissions in soils at the three depths mainly by increasing the MBC, catalase, alkaline phosphatase, and cellulase activities, resulted in positive priming index. Nitrogen addition elevated the MBC and changed soil enzymes and reduced CO(2) emissions in soils at the three depths. Moreover, the priming index was higher in deep soils than in top and middle soils under the condition of defoliation and nitrogen addition. No significant differences were observed in the soil bacterial diversity (Chao1, Shannon, and Simpson) among all treatments. Meanwhile, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria was markedly increased and that of Acidobacteria was substantially diminished in soils at the three depths by defoliation and nitrogen addition. The results sustained that defoliation and nitrogen can regulate SOC dynamics by directly and indirectly affecting soil microbial activities and communities. As a result, the combination of defoliation return and nitrogen fertilization management is a promising strategy to increase SOC and promote soil quality in dryland cherry orchards. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10174058 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | PeerJ Inc. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-101740582023-05-12 Effects of defoliation and nitrogen on carbon dioxide (CO(2)) emissions and microbial communities in soils of cherry tree orchards Wang, Jing Wang, Yibo Xue, Ruifang Wang, Dandan Nan, Wenhui PeerJ Agricultural Science BACKGROUND: In farmland, microbes in soils are affected by exogenous carbon, nitrogen, and soil depth and are responsible for soil organic carbon (SOC) mineralization. The cherry industry has been evolving rapidly in northwest China and emerged as a new source of income for local farmers to overcome poverty. Accordingly, it is highly imperative to probe the effect of defoliation and nitrogen addition on carbon dioxide (CO(2)) emissions and microbial communities in soils of dryland cherry orchards. METHODS: CO(2) emissions and microbial communities were determined in soil samples at three depths, including 0–10 cm, 10–30 cm, and 30–60 cm, from a 15-year-old rain-fed cherry orchard. The samples were respectively incubated with or without 1% defoliation under three input levels of nitrogen (0 mg kg(−1), 90 mg kg(−1), and 135 mg kg(−1)) at 25°C in the dark for 80 days. RESULTS: Defoliation and nitrogen addition affected CO(2) emissions and microbial communities and increased microbial biomass carbon (MBC), the activity of soil catalase, alkaline phosphatase, and cellulase in soils of the dryland cherry orchard. The culture with defoliation significantly promoted CO(2) emissions in soils at the three depths mainly by increasing the MBC, catalase, alkaline phosphatase, and cellulase activities, resulted in positive priming index. Nitrogen addition elevated the MBC and changed soil enzymes and reduced CO(2) emissions in soils at the three depths. Moreover, the priming index was higher in deep soils than in top and middle soils under the condition of defoliation and nitrogen addition. No significant differences were observed in the soil bacterial diversity (Chao1, Shannon, and Simpson) among all treatments. Meanwhile, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria was markedly increased and that of Acidobacteria was substantially diminished in soils at the three depths by defoliation and nitrogen addition. The results sustained that defoliation and nitrogen can regulate SOC dynamics by directly and indirectly affecting soil microbial activities and communities. As a result, the combination of defoliation return and nitrogen fertilization management is a promising strategy to increase SOC and promote soil quality in dryland cherry orchards. PeerJ Inc. 2023-05-08 /pmc/articles/PMC10174058/ /pubmed/37180582 http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.15276 Text en ©2023 Wang et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction and adaptation in any medium and for any purpose provided that it is properly attributed. For attribution, the original author(s), title, publication source (PeerJ) and either DOI or URL of the article must be cited. |
spellingShingle | Agricultural Science Wang, Jing Wang, Yibo Xue, Ruifang Wang, Dandan Nan, Wenhui Effects of defoliation and nitrogen on carbon dioxide (CO(2)) emissions and microbial communities in soils of cherry tree orchards |
title | Effects of defoliation and nitrogen on carbon dioxide (CO(2)) emissions and microbial communities in soils of cherry tree orchards |
title_full | Effects of defoliation and nitrogen on carbon dioxide (CO(2)) emissions and microbial communities in soils of cherry tree orchards |
title_fullStr | Effects of defoliation and nitrogen on carbon dioxide (CO(2)) emissions and microbial communities in soils of cherry tree orchards |
title_full_unstemmed | Effects of defoliation and nitrogen on carbon dioxide (CO(2)) emissions and microbial communities in soils of cherry tree orchards |
title_short | Effects of defoliation and nitrogen on carbon dioxide (CO(2)) emissions and microbial communities in soils of cherry tree orchards |
title_sort | effects of defoliation and nitrogen on carbon dioxide (co(2)) emissions and microbial communities in soils of cherry tree orchards |
topic | Agricultural Science |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10174058/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37180582 http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.15276 |
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