Effects of NO(3)(−), Cl(−), and CH(3)COO(−) anions and diethylene glycol on the morphological, structural, antidiabetic, and cell viability properties of CeO(2) nanoparticles

Cerium oxide (CeO(2)) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized using a modified conventional polyol method. The ratio of diethylene glycol (DEG) and water in the synthesis was varied, and three different cerium precursor salts (Ce(NO(3))(3), CeCl(3), and Ce(CH(3)COO)(3)) were used. The structure, size, and morphology of the synthesized CeO(2) NPs were studied. An average crystallite size of 13 to 33 nm was obtained from the XRD analysis. Spherical and elongated morphologies of the synthesized CeO(2) NPs were acquired. Average particle sizes in the range of 16–36 nm were obtained by varying different ratios of DEG and water. The presence of DEG molecules on the surface of CeO(2) NPs was confirmed using FTIR. Synthesized CeO(2) NPs were used to study the antidiabetic and cell viability (cell cytotoxicity) properties. Antidiabetic studies were carried out using α-glucosidase enzymes inhibition activity. CeO(2) synthesized using Ce(NO(3))(3) and CeCl(3) precursors showed approximately 40.0% α-glucosidase enzyme inhibition activity, while CeO(2) synthesized using Ce(CH(3)COO)(3) showed the lowest α-glucosidase enzyme inhibition activity. Cell viability properties of CeO(2) NPs were investigated using an in vitro cytotoxicity test. CeO(2) NPs prepared using Ce(NO(3))(3) and CeCl(3) were non-toxic at lower concentrations, while CeO(2) NPs prepared using Ce(CH(3)COO)(3) were non-toxic at all concentrations. Therefore, polyol-mediated synthesized CeO(2) NPs showed quite good α-glucosidase inhibition activity and biocompatibility.