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How to better balance academic achievement and learning anxiety from time on homework? A multilevel and classification and regression tree analyses
Using education survey data from 153, 317 Grade 4 students and 150, 040 Grade 8 students in China, this study examined the relationship between time on homework and academic achievement and learning anxiety with hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) and classification and regression tree (CART) approac...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10203481/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37228336 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1130274 |
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author | Wu, Xiaopeng Wu, Rongxiu Hanley, Carol Liu, Hongyun Liu, Jian |
author_facet | Wu, Xiaopeng Wu, Rongxiu Hanley, Carol Liu, Hongyun Liu, Jian |
author_sort | Wu, Xiaopeng |
collection | PubMed |
description | Using education survey data from 153, 317 Grade 4 students and 150, 040 Grade 8 students in China, this study examined the relationship between time on homework and academic achievement and learning anxiety with hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) and classification and regression tree (CART) approaches. With a classification of time spent on homework into four related variables, this study found that, firstly, time spent on in-school homework during weekdays had positive effects on students’ achievement for both grades, and the positive effect was stronger for Grade 8 students than Grade 4 students. Moreover, a maximum of 1 h was recommended for Grade 4 students. Secondly, time spent on out-of-school homework on weekdays was negatively correlated with students’ academic achievement and positively with learning anxieties. It had greater detrimental effect on Grade 8 than Grade 4. Thirdly, Grade 8 students were encouraged to have more out-of-school homework on weekend with more than 2.8 h on average recommended. It was expected to complement extant studies and provide the practical findings for teachers, practitioners and school policy makers in making any homework assignment planning or conducting interventions. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10203481 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-102034812023-05-24 How to better balance academic achievement and learning anxiety from time on homework? A multilevel and classification and regression tree analyses Wu, Xiaopeng Wu, Rongxiu Hanley, Carol Liu, Hongyun Liu, Jian Front Psychol Psychology Using education survey data from 153, 317 Grade 4 students and 150, 040 Grade 8 students in China, this study examined the relationship between time on homework and academic achievement and learning anxiety with hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) and classification and regression tree (CART) approaches. With a classification of time spent on homework into four related variables, this study found that, firstly, time spent on in-school homework during weekdays had positive effects on students’ achievement for both grades, and the positive effect was stronger for Grade 8 students than Grade 4 students. Moreover, a maximum of 1 h was recommended for Grade 4 students. Secondly, time spent on out-of-school homework on weekdays was negatively correlated with students’ academic achievement and positively with learning anxieties. It had greater detrimental effect on Grade 8 than Grade 4. Thirdly, Grade 8 students were encouraged to have more out-of-school homework on weekend with more than 2.8 h on average recommended. It was expected to complement extant studies and provide the practical findings for teachers, practitioners and school policy makers in making any homework assignment planning or conducting interventions. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-05-09 /pmc/articles/PMC10203481/ /pubmed/37228336 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1130274 Text en Copyright © 2023 Wu, Wu, Hanley, Liu and Liu. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Psychology Wu, Xiaopeng Wu, Rongxiu Hanley, Carol Liu, Hongyun Liu, Jian How to better balance academic achievement and learning anxiety from time on homework? A multilevel and classification and regression tree analyses |
title | How to better balance academic achievement and learning anxiety from time on homework? A multilevel and classification and regression tree analyses |
title_full | How to better balance academic achievement and learning anxiety from time on homework? A multilevel and classification and regression tree analyses |
title_fullStr | How to better balance academic achievement and learning anxiety from time on homework? A multilevel and classification and regression tree analyses |
title_full_unstemmed | How to better balance academic achievement and learning anxiety from time on homework? A multilevel and classification and regression tree analyses |
title_short | How to better balance academic achievement and learning anxiety from time on homework? A multilevel and classification and regression tree analyses |
title_sort | how to better balance academic achievement and learning anxiety from time on homework? a multilevel and classification and regression tree analyses |
topic | Psychology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10203481/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37228336 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1130274 |
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