Tumor‐derived exosomal miR‐148b‐3p mediates M2 macrophage polarization via TSC2/mTORC1 to promote breast cancer migration and invasion

BACKGROUND: Emerging evidence has revealed that tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) and exosomes play a crucial role in the microenvironment for tumor growth. However, the mechanisms through which exosomal miRNAs modulate TAMs and tumor development in breast cancer are not fully understood. METHODS: We constructed a macrophage model and an indirect coculture system consist of breast cancer cells and macrophages. Exosomes were isolated from BC cells culture supernatant and identified by transmission electron microscopy, Western blot and Nanosight LM10 system. The expression of miR‐148b‐3p in exosomes was determined by qRT‐PCR and the effect of exosomal miR‐148b‐3p on macrophage polarization was measured using qRT‐PCR and ELISA. The proliferation, migration and invasion of BC cells were estimated by EdU, wound healing assay and transwell assay. We employed bioinformatics, luciferase reporter assay and Western blot to identify the target gene of miR‐148b‐3p. Western blot was used to clarify the mechanism of exosomal miR‐148b‐3p mediated the crosstalk between BC cells and M2 macrophages. RESULTS: Cancer‐derived exosomes could induce M2 polarization of macrophages, which promoted the migration and invasion of breast cancer cells. We found that exosomal miR‐148b‐3p was overexpressed in breast cancer cell‐derived exosomes and correlated with lymph node metastasis, late tumor stage and worse prognosis. Upregulated miR‐148b‐3p expression in exosomes modulated macrophage polarization by targeting TSC2, which promoted the proliferation and might affect migration and invasion of breast cancer cells. Interestingly, we found that exosomal miR‐148b‐3p could induce M2 macrophage polarization via the TSC2/mTORC1 signaling pathway in breast cancer. CONCLUSION: Overall, our study elucidated that miR‐148b‐3p could be transported by exosomes from breast cancer cells to surrounding macrophages and induced M2 polarization by targeting TSC2, providing novel insights for breast cancer therapy.