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A comparative analysis of the partitioning behaviour of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in liquid and solid fractions of wastewater

As fragments of SARS-CoV-2 RNA can be quantified and measured temporally in wastewater, surveillance of concentrations of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater has become a vital resource for tracking the spread of COVID-19 in and among communities. However, the absence of standardized methods has affected the i...

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Autores principales: Breadner, Patrick R., Dhiyebi, Hadi A., Fattahi, Azar, Srikanthan, Nivetha, Hayat, Samina, Aucoin, Marc G., Boegel, Scott J., Bragg, Leslie M., Craig, Paul M., Xie, Yuwei, Giesy, John P., Servos, Mark R.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Elsevier B.V. 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10287177/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37355124
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165095
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author Breadner, Patrick R.
Dhiyebi, Hadi A.
Fattahi, Azar
Srikanthan, Nivetha
Hayat, Samina
Aucoin, Marc G.
Boegel, Scott J.
Bragg, Leslie M.
Craig, Paul M.
Xie, Yuwei
Giesy, John P.
Servos, Mark R.
author_facet Breadner, Patrick R.
Dhiyebi, Hadi A.
Fattahi, Azar
Srikanthan, Nivetha
Hayat, Samina
Aucoin, Marc G.
Boegel, Scott J.
Bragg, Leslie M.
Craig, Paul M.
Xie, Yuwei
Giesy, John P.
Servos, Mark R.
author_sort Breadner, Patrick R.
collection PubMed
description As fragments of SARS-CoV-2 RNA can be quantified and measured temporally in wastewater, surveillance of concentrations of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater has become a vital resource for tracking the spread of COVID-19 in and among communities. However, the absence of standardized methods has affected the interpretation of data for public health efforts. In particular, analyzing either the liquid or solid fraction has implications for the interpretation of how viral RNA is quantified. Characterizing how SARS-CoV-2 or its RNA fragments partition in wastewater is a central part of understanding fate and behaviour in wastewater. In this study, partitioning of SARS-CoV-2 was investigated by use of centrifugation with varied durations of spin and centrifugal force, polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation followed by centrifugation, and ultrafiltration of wastewater. Partitioning of the endogenous pepper mild mottled virus (PMMoV), used to normalize the SARS-CoV-2 signal for fecal load in trend analysis, was also examined. Additionally, two surrogates for coronavirus, human coronavirus 229E and murine hepatitis virus, were analyzed as process controls. Even though SARS-CoV-2 has an affinity for solids, the total RNA copies of SARS-CoV-2 per wastewater sample, after centrifugation (12,000 g, 1.5 h, no brake), were partitioned evenly between the liquid and solid fractions. Centrifugation at greater speeds for longer durations resulted in a shift in partitioning for all viruses toward the solid fraction except for PMMoV, which remained mostly in the liquid fraction. The surrogates more closely reflected the partitioning of SARS-CoV-2 under high centrifugation speed and duration while PMMoV did not. Interestingly, ultrafiltration devices were inconsistent in estimating RNA copies in wastewater, which can influence the interpretation of partitioning. Developing a better understanding of the fate of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater and creating a foundation of best practices is the key to supporting the current pandemic response and preparing for future potential infectious diseases.
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spelling pubmed-102871772023-06-23 A comparative analysis of the partitioning behaviour of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in liquid and solid fractions of wastewater Breadner, Patrick R. Dhiyebi, Hadi A. Fattahi, Azar Srikanthan, Nivetha Hayat, Samina Aucoin, Marc G. Boegel, Scott J. Bragg, Leslie M. Craig, Paul M. Xie, Yuwei Giesy, John P. Servos, Mark R. Sci Total Environ Article As fragments of SARS-CoV-2 RNA can be quantified and measured temporally in wastewater, surveillance of concentrations of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater has become a vital resource for tracking the spread of COVID-19 in and among communities. However, the absence of standardized methods has affected the interpretation of data for public health efforts. In particular, analyzing either the liquid or solid fraction has implications for the interpretation of how viral RNA is quantified. Characterizing how SARS-CoV-2 or its RNA fragments partition in wastewater is a central part of understanding fate and behaviour in wastewater. In this study, partitioning of SARS-CoV-2 was investigated by use of centrifugation with varied durations of spin and centrifugal force, polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation followed by centrifugation, and ultrafiltration of wastewater. Partitioning of the endogenous pepper mild mottled virus (PMMoV), used to normalize the SARS-CoV-2 signal for fecal load in trend analysis, was also examined. Additionally, two surrogates for coronavirus, human coronavirus 229E and murine hepatitis virus, were analyzed as process controls. Even though SARS-CoV-2 has an affinity for solids, the total RNA copies of SARS-CoV-2 per wastewater sample, after centrifugation (12,000 g, 1.5 h, no brake), were partitioned evenly between the liquid and solid fractions. Centrifugation at greater speeds for longer durations resulted in a shift in partitioning for all viruses toward the solid fraction except for PMMoV, which remained mostly in the liquid fraction. The surrogates more closely reflected the partitioning of SARS-CoV-2 under high centrifugation speed and duration while PMMoV did not. Interestingly, ultrafiltration devices were inconsistent in estimating RNA copies in wastewater, which can influence the interpretation of partitioning. Developing a better understanding of the fate of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater and creating a foundation of best practices is the key to supporting the current pandemic response and preparing for future potential infectious diseases. Elsevier B.V. 2023-06-23 /pmc/articles/PMC10287177/ /pubmed/37355124 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165095 Text en © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.
spellingShingle Article
Breadner, Patrick R.
Dhiyebi, Hadi A.
Fattahi, Azar
Srikanthan, Nivetha
Hayat, Samina
Aucoin, Marc G.
Boegel, Scott J.
Bragg, Leslie M.
Craig, Paul M.
Xie, Yuwei
Giesy, John P.
Servos, Mark R.
A comparative analysis of the partitioning behaviour of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in liquid and solid fractions of wastewater
title A comparative analysis of the partitioning behaviour of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in liquid and solid fractions of wastewater
title_full A comparative analysis of the partitioning behaviour of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in liquid and solid fractions of wastewater
title_fullStr A comparative analysis of the partitioning behaviour of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in liquid and solid fractions of wastewater
title_full_unstemmed A comparative analysis of the partitioning behaviour of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in liquid and solid fractions of wastewater
title_short A comparative analysis of the partitioning behaviour of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in liquid and solid fractions of wastewater
title_sort comparative analysis of the partitioning behaviour of sars-cov-2 rna in liquid and solid fractions of wastewater
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10287177/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37355124
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165095
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