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Unraveling the Molecular and Cellular Pathogenesis of COVID-19-Associated Liver Injury

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) continues to cause substantial morbidity and mortality. Most infections are mild; however, some patients experience severe and potentially fatal systemic inflammation, tissue damage...

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Autor principal: Akkiz, Hikmet
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10304875/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37376587
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v15061287
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author Akkiz, Hikmet
author_facet Akkiz, Hikmet
author_sort Akkiz, Hikmet
collection PubMed
description The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) continues to cause substantial morbidity and mortality. Most infections are mild; however, some patients experience severe and potentially fatal systemic inflammation, tissue damage, cytokine storm, and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Patients with chronic liver disease have been frequently affected, experiencing high morbidity and mortality. In addition, elevated liver enzymes may be a risk factor for disease progression, even in the absence of underlying liver disease. While the respiratory tract is a primary target of SARS-CoV-2, it has become evident that COVID-19 is a multisystemic infectious disease. The hepatobiliary system might be influenced during COVID-19 infection, ranging from a mild elevation of aminotransferases to the development of autoimmune hepatitis and secondary sclerosing cholangitis. Furthermore, the virus can promote existing chronic liver diseases to liver failure and activate the autoimmune liver disease. Whether the direct cytopathic effects of the virus, host reaction, hypoxia, drugs, vaccination, or all these risk factors cause liver injury has not been clarified to a large extent in COVID-19. This review article discussed the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 virus-associated liver injury and highlighted the emerging role of liver sinusoidal epithelial cells (LSECs) in virus-related liver damage.
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spelling pubmed-103048752023-06-29 Unraveling the Molecular and Cellular Pathogenesis of COVID-19-Associated Liver Injury Akkiz, Hikmet Viruses Review The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) continues to cause substantial morbidity and mortality. Most infections are mild; however, some patients experience severe and potentially fatal systemic inflammation, tissue damage, cytokine storm, and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Patients with chronic liver disease have been frequently affected, experiencing high morbidity and mortality. In addition, elevated liver enzymes may be a risk factor for disease progression, even in the absence of underlying liver disease. While the respiratory tract is a primary target of SARS-CoV-2, it has become evident that COVID-19 is a multisystemic infectious disease. The hepatobiliary system might be influenced during COVID-19 infection, ranging from a mild elevation of aminotransferases to the development of autoimmune hepatitis and secondary sclerosing cholangitis. Furthermore, the virus can promote existing chronic liver diseases to liver failure and activate the autoimmune liver disease. Whether the direct cytopathic effects of the virus, host reaction, hypoxia, drugs, vaccination, or all these risk factors cause liver injury has not been clarified to a large extent in COVID-19. This review article discussed the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 virus-associated liver injury and highlighted the emerging role of liver sinusoidal epithelial cells (LSECs) in virus-related liver damage. MDPI 2023-05-30 /pmc/articles/PMC10304875/ /pubmed/37376587 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v15061287 Text en © 2023 by the author. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Akkiz, Hikmet
Unraveling the Molecular and Cellular Pathogenesis of COVID-19-Associated Liver Injury
title Unraveling the Molecular and Cellular Pathogenesis of COVID-19-Associated Liver Injury
title_full Unraveling the Molecular and Cellular Pathogenesis of COVID-19-Associated Liver Injury
title_fullStr Unraveling the Molecular and Cellular Pathogenesis of COVID-19-Associated Liver Injury
title_full_unstemmed Unraveling the Molecular and Cellular Pathogenesis of COVID-19-Associated Liver Injury
title_short Unraveling the Molecular and Cellular Pathogenesis of COVID-19-Associated Liver Injury
title_sort unraveling the molecular and cellular pathogenesis of covid-19-associated liver injury
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10304875/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37376587
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v15061287
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