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Predicting School Grades: Can Conscientiousness Compensate for Intelligence?
Intelligence and noncognitive factors such as conscientiousness are strongly related to academic performance. As theory and research differ with respect to their interplay in predicting performance, the present study examines whether conscientiousness compensates for intelligence or enhances the eff...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10381607/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37504789 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jintelligence11070146 |
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author | Friedrich, Teresa Sophie Schütz, Astrid |
author_facet | Friedrich, Teresa Sophie Schütz, Astrid |
author_sort | Friedrich, Teresa Sophie |
collection | PubMed |
description | Intelligence and noncognitive factors such as conscientiousness are strongly related to academic performance. As theory and research differ with respect to their interplay in predicting performance, the present study examines whether conscientiousness compensates for intelligence or enhances the effect of intelligence on performance in 3775 13th grade students from Germany. Latent moderation analyses show positive main effects of intelligence and conscientiousness on grades. Further, analyses reveal synergistic interactions in predicting grades in biology, mathematics, and German, but no interaction in predicting grades in English. Intelligence and grades are more strongly linked if students are conscientious. Multigroup models detected gender differences in biology, but no differences with respect to SES. In biology, conscientiousness has especially strong effects in intelligent men. Conscientiousness thus enhances the effect of intelligence on performance in several subjects. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10381607 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-103816072023-07-29 Predicting School Grades: Can Conscientiousness Compensate for Intelligence? Friedrich, Teresa Sophie Schütz, Astrid J Intell Article Intelligence and noncognitive factors such as conscientiousness are strongly related to academic performance. As theory and research differ with respect to their interplay in predicting performance, the present study examines whether conscientiousness compensates for intelligence or enhances the effect of intelligence on performance in 3775 13th grade students from Germany. Latent moderation analyses show positive main effects of intelligence and conscientiousness on grades. Further, analyses reveal synergistic interactions in predicting grades in biology, mathematics, and German, but no interaction in predicting grades in English. Intelligence and grades are more strongly linked if students are conscientious. Multigroup models detected gender differences in biology, but no differences with respect to SES. In biology, conscientiousness has especially strong effects in intelligent men. Conscientiousness thus enhances the effect of intelligence on performance in several subjects. MDPI 2023-07-20 /pmc/articles/PMC10381607/ /pubmed/37504789 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jintelligence11070146 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Friedrich, Teresa Sophie Schütz, Astrid Predicting School Grades: Can Conscientiousness Compensate for Intelligence? |
title | Predicting School Grades: Can Conscientiousness Compensate for Intelligence? |
title_full | Predicting School Grades: Can Conscientiousness Compensate for Intelligence? |
title_fullStr | Predicting School Grades: Can Conscientiousness Compensate for Intelligence? |
title_full_unstemmed | Predicting School Grades: Can Conscientiousness Compensate for Intelligence? |
title_short | Predicting School Grades: Can Conscientiousness Compensate for Intelligence? |
title_sort | predicting school grades: can conscientiousness compensate for intelligence? |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10381607/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37504789 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jintelligence11070146 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT friedrichteresasophie predictingschoolgradescanconscientiousnesscompensateforintelligence AT schutzastrid predictingschoolgradescanconscientiousnesscompensateforintelligence |