Interactions among mycorrhizal fungi enhance the early development of a Mediterranean orchid

Orchids depend on mycorrhizal fungi to germinate from seed. While multiple orchid mycorrhizal (OrM) taxa are often found associated with adult orchids, the relative contribution of particular OrM taxa to germination and early orchid development is poorly understood. We isolated 28 OrM fungi associat...

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Autores principales: Calevo, Jacopo, Duffy, Karl J.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10442268/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37436449
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00572-023-01118-4
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author Calevo, Jacopo
Duffy, Karl J.
author_facet Calevo, Jacopo
Duffy, Karl J.
author_sort Calevo, Jacopo
collection PubMed
description Orchids depend on mycorrhizal fungi to germinate from seed. While multiple orchid mycorrhizal (OrM) taxa are often found associated with adult orchids, the relative contribution of particular OrM taxa to germination and early orchid development is poorly understood. We isolated 28 OrM fungi associated with the Mediterranean orchid Anacamptis papilionacea and tested the efficiency of five isolates on germination and early development, four belonging to the Tulasnella calospora species complex and one belonging to Ceratobasidium. Co-cultures of varying two-way and three-way combinations of OrM isolates were used in vitro to compare the simultaneous effect on seed germination rate with monocultures. We then tested whether, when given initial priority over other fungi, particular OrM taxa were more effective during the early stages of development. Seedlings germinated with different isolates were transferred to a growth chamber, and either the same or different isolate was added 45 days later. After 3 months, the number of roots, length of the longest root, and tuber area were measured. All OrM fungi resulted in seed germination; however, lower germination rates were associated with the Ceratobasidium isolate compared to the tulasnelloid isolates. There was significant decreased germination in co-culture experiments when the Ceratobasidium isolate was added. Despite being associated with reduced germination rates, the addition of the Ceratobasidium isolate to the seedlings germinated with tulasnelloid strains resulted in significant increased tuber size. Although A. papilionacea associates with many OrM taxa, these results show that OrM fungi may play different roles during orchid germination and early development. Even when given initial priority, other fungi may colonize developing orchids and interact to influence early orchid development. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00572-023-01118-4.
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spelling pubmed-104422682023-08-23 Interactions among mycorrhizal fungi enhance the early development of a Mediterranean orchid Calevo, Jacopo Duffy, Karl J. Mycorrhiza Research Orchids depend on mycorrhizal fungi to germinate from seed. While multiple orchid mycorrhizal (OrM) taxa are often found associated with adult orchids, the relative contribution of particular OrM taxa to germination and early orchid development is poorly understood. We isolated 28 OrM fungi associated with the Mediterranean orchid Anacamptis papilionacea and tested the efficiency of five isolates on germination and early development, four belonging to the Tulasnella calospora species complex and one belonging to Ceratobasidium. Co-cultures of varying two-way and three-way combinations of OrM isolates were used in vitro to compare the simultaneous effect on seed germination rate with monocultures. We then tested whether, when given initial priority over other fungi, particular OrM taxa were more effective during the early stages of development. Seedlings germinated with different isolates were transferred to a growth chamber, and either the same or different isolate was added 45 days later. After 3 months, the number of roots, length of the longest root, and tuber area were measured. All OrM fungi resulted in seed germination; however, lower germination rates were associated with the Ceratobasidium isolate compared to the tulasnelloid isolates. There was significant decreased germination in co-culture experiments when the Ceratobasidium isolate was added. Despite being associated with reduced germination rates, the addition of the Ceratobasidium isolate to the seedlings germinated with tulasnelloid strains resulted in significant increased tuber size. Although A. papilionacea associates with many OrM taxa, these results show that OrM fungi may play different roles during orchid germination and early development. Even when given initial priority, other fungi may colonize developing orchids and interact to influence early orchid development. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00572-023-01118-4. Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2023-07-12 2023 /pmc/articles/PMC10442268/ /pubmed/37436449 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00572-023-01118-4 Text en © The Author(s) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Research
Calevo, Jacopo
Duffy, Karl J.
Interactions among mycorrhizal fungi enhance the early development of a Mediterranean orchid
title Interactions among mycorrhizal fungi enhance the early development of a Mediterranean orchid
title_full Interactions among mycorrhizal fungi enhance the early development of a Mediterranean orchid
title_fullStr Interactions among mycorrhizal fungi enhance the early development of a Mediterranean orchid
title_full_unstemmed Interactions among mycorrhizal fungi enhance the early development of a Mediterranean orchid
title_short Interactions among mycorrhizal fungi enhance the early development of a Mediterranean orchid
title_sort interactions among mycorrhizal fungi enhance the early development of a mediterranean orchid
topic Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10442268/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37436449
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00572-023-01118-4
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