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Comparison of Current World Health Organization Guidelines with Physiologically Based Serum Ferritin Thresholds for Iron Deficiency in Healthy Young Children and Nonpregnant Women Using Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

BACKGROUND: Current WHO serum ferritin (SF) thresholds for iron deficiency (ID) in children (<12 μg/L) and women (<15 μg/L) are derived from expert opinion based on radiometric assays in use decades ago. Using a contemporary immunoturbidimetry assay, higher thresholds (children, <20 μg/L; w...

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Autores principales: Mei, Zuguo, Addo, O Yaw, Jefferds, Maria Elena D., Sharma, Andrea J., Flores-Ayala, Rafael C., Pfeiffer, Christine M., Brittenham, Gary M.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10472073/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36803577
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.01.035
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author Mei, Zuguo
Addo, O Yaw
Jefferds, Maria Elena D.
Sharma, Andrea J.
Flores-Ayala, Rafael C.
Pfeiffer, Christine M.
Brittenham, Gary M.
author_facet Mei, Zuguo
Addo, O Yaw
Jefferds, Maria Elena D.
Sharma, Andrea J.
Flores-Ayala, Rafael C.
Pfeiffer, Christine M.
Brittenham, Gary M.
author_sort Mei, Zuguo
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Current WHO serum ferritin (SF) thresholds for iron deficiency (ID) in children (<12 μg/L) and women (<15 μg/L) are derived from expert opinion based on radiometric assays in use decades ago. Using a contemporary immunoturbidimetry assay, higher thresholds (children, <20 μg/L; women, <25 μg/L) were identified from physiologically based analyses. OBJECTIVE: We examined relationships of SF measured using an immunoradiometric assay from the era of expert opinion with 2 independently measured indicators of ID, hemoglobin (Hb) and erythrocyte zinc protoporphyrin (eZnPP), using data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III, 1988–1994). The SF at which circulating Hb begins to decrease and eZnPP begins to increase provides a physiological basis for identifying the onset of iron-deficient erythropoiesis. METHODS: We analyzed NHANES III cross-sectional data from 2616 apparently healthy children, aged 12–59 mo, and 4639 apparently healthy nonpregnant women, aged 15–49 y. We used restricted cubic spline regression models to determine SF thresholds for ID. RESULTS: SF thresholds identified by Hb and eZnPP did not differ significantly in children, 21.2 μg/L (95% confidence interval: 18.5, 26.5) and 18.7 μg/L (17.9, 19.7), and, in women, were similar although significantly different, 24.8 μg/L (23.4, 26.9) and 22.5 μg/L (21.7, 23.3). CONCLUSIONS: These NHANES results suggest that physiologically based SF thresholds are higher than the thresholds from expert opinion established during the same era. SF thresholds found using physiological indicators detect the onset of iron-deficient erythropoiesis, whereas the WHO thresholds identify a later, more severe stage of ID.
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spelling pubmed-104720732023-09-01 Comparison of Current World Health Organization Guidelines with Physiologically Based Serum Ferritin Thresholds for Iron Deficiency in Healthy Young Children and Nonpregnant Women Using Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Mei, Zuguo Addo, O Yaw Jefferds, Maria Elena D. Sharma, Andrea J. Flores-Ayala, Rafael C. Pfeiffer, Christine M. Brittenham, Gary M. J Nutr Article BACKGROUND: Current WHO serum ferritin (SF) thresholds for iron deficiency (ID) in children (<12 μg/L) and women (<15 μg/L) are derived from expert opinion based on radiometric assays in use decades ago. Using a contemporary immunoturbidimetry assay, higher thresholds (children, <20 μg/L; women, <25 μg/L) were identified from physiologically based analyses. OBJECTIVE: We examined relationships of SF measured using an immunoradiometric assay from the era of expert opinion with 2 independently measured indicators of ID, hemoglobin (Hb) and erythrocyte zinc protoporphyrin (eZnPP), using data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III, 1988–1994). The SF at which circulating Hb begins to decrease and eZnPP begins to increase provides a physiological basis for identifying the onset of iron-deficient erythropoiesis. METHODS: We analyzed NHANES III cross-sectional data from 2616 apparently healthy children, aged 12–59 mo, and 4639 apparently healthy nonpregnant women, aged 15–49 y. We used restricted cubic spline regression models to determine SF thresholds for ID. RESULTS: SF thresholds identified by Hb and eZnPP did not differ significantly in children, 21.2 μg/L (95% confidence interval: 18.5, 26.5) and 18.7 μg/L (17.9, 19.7), and, in women, were similar although significantly different, 24.8 μg/L (23.4, 26.9) and 22.5 μg/L (21.7, 23.3). CONCLUSIONS: These NHANES results suggest that physiologically based SF thresholds are higher than the thresholds from expert opinion established during the same era. SF thresholds found using physiological indicators detect the onset of iron-deficient erythropoiesis, whereas the WHO thresholds identify a later, more severe stage of ID. 2023-03 2023-02-02 /pmc/articles/PMC10472073/ /pubmed/36803577 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.01.035 Text en https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) ).
spellingShingle Article
Mei, Zuguo
Addo, O Yaw
Jefferds, Maria Elena D.
Sharma, Andrea J.
Flores-Ayala, Rafael C.
Pfeiffer, Christine M.
Brittenham, Gary M.
Comparison of Current World Health Organization Guidelines with Physiologically Based Serum Ferritin Thresholds for Iron Deficiency in Healthy Young Children and Nonpregnant Women Using Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
title Comparison of Current World Health Organization Guidelines with Physiologically Based Serum Ferritin Thresholds for Iron Deficiency in Healthy Young Children and Nonpregnant Women Using Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
title_full Comparison of Current World Health Organization Guidelines with Physiologically Based Serum Ferritin Thresholds for Iron Deficiency in Healthy Young Children and Nonpregnant Women Using Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
title_fullStr Comparison of Current World Health Organization Guidelines with Physiologically Based Serum Ferritin Thresholds for Iron Deficiency in Healthy Young Children and Nonpregnant Women Using Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
title_full_unstemmed Comparison of Current World Health Organization Guidelines with Physiologically Based Serum Ferritin Thresholds for Iron Deficiency in Healthy Young Children and Nonpregnant Women Using Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
title_short Comparison of Current World Health Organization Guidelines with Physiologically Based Serum Ferritin Thresholds for Iron Deficiency in Healthy Young Children and Nonpregnant Women Using Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
title_sort comparison of current world health organization guidelines with physiologically based serum ferritin thresholds for iron deficiency in healthy young children and nonpregnant women using data from the third national health and nutrition examination survey
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10472073/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36803577
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.01.035
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