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Parafoveal syntactic processing from word N + 2 during reading: the case of gender-specific German articles
Previous research has suggested that some syntactic information such as word class can be processed parafoveally during reading. However, it is still unclear to what extent early syntactic cueing within noun phrases can facilitate word processing during dynamic reading. Two experiments (total N = 72...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10497434/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37209214 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00426-023-01833-9 |
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author | Schwalm, Laura Radach, Ralph |
author_facet | Schwalm, Laura Radach, Ralph |
author_sort | Schwalm, Laura |
collection | PubMed |
description | Previous research has suggested that some syntactic information such as word class can be processed parafoveally during reading. However, it is still unclear to what extent early syntactic cueing within noun phrases can facilitate word processing during dynamic reading. Two experiments (total N = 72) were designed to address this question using a gaze-contingent boundary change paradigm to manipulate the syntactic fit within a nominal phrase. Either the article (Experiment 1) or the noun (Experiment 2) was manipulated in the parafovea, resulting in a syntactic mismatch, depending on the condition. Results indicated a substantial elevation of viewing times on both parts of the noun phrase when conflicting syntactic information had been present in the parafovea. In Experiment 1, the article was also fixated more often in the syntactic mismatch condition. These results provide direct evidence of parafoveal syntactic processing. Based on the early time-course of this effect, it can be concluded that grammatical gender is used to generate constraints for the processing of upcoming nouns. To our knowledge, these results also provide the first evidence that syntactic information can be extracted from a parafoveal word N + 2. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10497434 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | Springer Berlin Heidelberg |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-104974342023-09-14 Parafoveal syntactic processing from word N + 2 during reading: the case of gender-specific German articles Schwalm, Laura Radach, Ralph Psychol Res Research Previous research has suggested that some syntactic information such as word class can be processed parafoveally during reading. However, it is still unclear to what extent early syntactic cueing within noun phrases can facilitate word processing during dynamic reading. Two experiments (total N = 72) were designed to address this question using a gaze-contingent boundary change paradigm to manipulate the syntactic fit within a nominal phrase. Either the article (Experiment 1) or the noun (Experiment 2) was manipulated in the parafovea, resulting in a syntactic mismatch, depending on the condition. Results indicated a substantial elevation of viewing times on both parts of the noun phrase when conflicting syntactic information had been present in the parafovea. In Experiment 1, the article was also fixated more often in the syntactic mismatch condition. These results provide direct evidence of parafoveal syntactic processing. Based on the early time-course of this effect, it can be concluded that grammatical gender is used to generate constraints for the processing of upcoming nouns. To our knowledge, these results also provide the first evidence that syntactic information can be extracted from a parafoveal word N + 2. Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2023-05-20 2023 /pmc/articles/PMC10497434/ /pubmed/37209214 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00426-023-01833-9 Text en © The Author(s) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Research Schwalm, Laura Radach, Ralph Parafoveal syntactic processing from word N + 2 during reading: the case of gender-specific German articles |
title | Parafoveal syntactic processing from word N + 2 during reading: the case of gender-specific German articles |
title_full | Parafoveal syntactic processing from word N + 2 during reading: the case of gender-specific German articles |
title_fullStr | Parafoveal syntactic processing from word N + 2 during reading: the case of gender-specific German articles |
title_full_unstemmed | Parafoveal syntactic processing from word N + 2 during reading: the case of gender-specific German articles |
title_short | Parafoveal syntactic processing from word N + 2 during reading: the case of gender-specific German articles |
title_sort | parafoveal syntactic processing from word n + 2 during reading: the case of gender-specific german articles |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10497434/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37209214 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00426-023-01833-9 |
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