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When You Come to a Fork in the Road, Take It: Wnt Signaling Activates Multiple Pathways through the APC/Axin/GSK-3 Complex
The Wnt signaling pathway is a highly conserved regulator of metazoan development and stem cell maintenance. Activation of Wnt signaling is an early step in diverse malignancies. Work over the past four decades has defined a “canonical” Wnt pathway that is initiated by Wnt proteins, secreted glycopr...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10528086/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37759479 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells12182256 |
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author | Li, Chenchen Furth, Emma E. Rustgi, Anil K. Klein, Peter S. |
author_facet | Li, Chenchen Furth, Emma E. Rustgi, Anil K. Klein, Peter S. |
author_sort | Li, Chenchen |
collection | PubMed |
description | The Wnt signaling pathway is a highly conserved regulator of metazoan development and stem cell maintenance. Activation of Wnt signaling is an early step in diverse malignancies. Work over the past four decades has defined a “canonical” Wnt pathway that is initiated by Wnt proteins, secreted glycoproteins that bind to a surface receptor complex and activate intracellular signal transduction by inhibiting a catalytic complex composed of the classical tumor suppressor Adenomatous Polyposis Coli (APC), Axin, and Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 (GSK-3). The best characterized effector of this complex is β-catenin, which is stabilized by inhibition of GSK-3, allowing β-catenin entrance to the nucleus and activation of Wnt target gene transcription, leading to multiple cancers when inappropriately activated. However, canonical Wnt signaling through the APC/Axin/GSK-3 complex impinges on other effectors, independently of β-catenin, including the mechanistic Target of Rapamycin (mTOR), regulators of protein stability, mitotic spindle orientation, and Hippo signaling. This review focuses on these alternative effectors of the canonical Wnt pathway and how they may contribute to cancers. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10528086 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-105280862023-09-28 When You Come to a Fork in the Road, Take It: Wnt Signaling Activates Multiple Pathways through the APC/Axin/GSK-3 Complex Li, Chenchen Furth, Emma E. Rustgi, Anil K. Klein, Peter S. Cells Review The Wnt signaling pathway is a highly conserved regulator of metazoan development and stem cell maintenance. Activation of Wnt signaling is an early step in diverse malignancies. Work over the past four decades has defined a “canonical” Wnt pathway that is initiated by Wnt proteins, secreted glycoproteins that bind to a surface receptor complex and activate intracellular signal transduction by inhibiting a catalytic complex composed of the classical tumor suppressor Adenomatous Polyposis Coli (APC), Axin, and Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 (GSK-3). The best characterized effector of this complex is β-catenin, which is stabilized by inhibition of GSK-3, allowing β-catenin entrance to the nucleus and activation of Wnt target gene transcription, leading to multiple cancers when inappropriately activated. However, canonical Wnt signaling through the APC/Axin/GSK-3 complex impinges on other effectors, independently of β-catenin, including the mechanistic Target of Rapamycin (mTOR), regulators of protein stability, mitotic spindle orientation, and Hippo signaling. This review focuses on these alternative effectors of the canonical Wnt pathway and how they may contribute to cancers. MDPI 2023-09-12 /pmc/articles/PMC10528086/ /pubmed/37759479 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells12182256 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Li, Chenchen Furth, Emma E. Rustgi, Anil K. Klein, Peter S. When You Come to a Fork in the Road, Take It: Wnt Signaling Activates Multiple Pathways through the APC/Axin/GSK-3 Complex |
title | When You Come to a Fork in the Road, Take It: Wnt Signaling Activates Multiple Pathways through the APC/Axin/GSK-3 Complex |
title_full | When You Come to a Fork in the Road, Take It: Wnt Signaling Activates Multiple Pathways through the APC/Axin/GSK-3 Complex |
title_fullStr | When You Come to a Fork in the Road, Take It: Wnt Signaling Activates Multiple Pathways through the APC/Axin/GSK-3 Complex |
title_full_unstemmed | When You Come to a Fork in the Road, Take It: Wnt Signaling Activates Multiple Pathways through the APC/Axin/GSK-3 Complex |
title_short | When You Come to a Fork in the Road, Take It: Wnt Signaling Activates Multiple Pathways through the APC/Axin/GSK-3 Complex |
title_sort | when you come to a fork in the road, take it: wnt signaling activates multiple pathways through the apc/axin/gsk-3 complex |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10528086/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37759479 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells12182256 |
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