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Efficient, Formal, Material, and Final Causes in Biology and Technology
This paper considers how a classification of causal effects as comprising efficient, formal, material, and final causation can provide a useful understanding of how emergence takes place in biology and technology, with formal, material, and final causation all including cases of downward causation;...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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MDPI
2023
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10529506/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37761600 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e25091301 |