Serum opacity factor normalizes erythrocyte morphology in Scarb1(−/−) mice in an HDL-free cholesterol-dependent way

Compared with WT mice, HDL receptor-deficient (Scarb1(−/−)) mice have higher plasma levels of free cholesterol (FC)-rich HDL and exhibit multiple pathologies associated with a high mol% FC in ovaries, platelets, and erythrocytes, which are reversed by lowering HDL. Bacterial serum opacity factor (SOF) catalyzes the opacification of plasma by targeting and quantitatively converting HDL to neo HDL (HDL remnant), a cholesterol ester-rich microemulsion, and lipid-free APOA1. SOF delivery with an adeno-associated virus (AAV(SOF)) constitutively lowers plasma HDL-FC and reverses female infertility in Scarb1(−/−) mice in an HDL-dependent way. We tested whether AAV(SOF) delivery to Scarb1(−/−) mice will normalize erythrocyte morphology in an HDL-FC-dependent way. We determined erythrocyte morphology and FC content (mol%) in three groups—WT, untreated Scarb1(−/−) (control), and Scarb1(−/−) mice receiving AAV(SOF)—and correlated these with their respective HDL-mol% FC. Plasma-, HDL-, and tissue-lipid compositions were also determined. Plasma- and HDL-mol% FC positively correlated across all groups. Among Scarb1(−/−) mice, AAV(SOF) treatment normalized reticulocyte number, erythrocyte morphology, and erythrocyte-mol% FC. Erythrocyte-mol% FC positively correlated with HDL-mol% FC and with both the number of reticulocytes and abnormal erythrocytes. AAV(SOF) treatment also reduced FC of extravascular tissues to a lesser extent. HDL-FC spontaneously transfers from plasma HDL to cell membranes. AAV(SOF) treatment lowers erythrocyte-FC and normalizes erythrocyte morphology and lipid composition by reducing HDL-mol% FC.