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Reversible translocation of acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) between the endoplasmic reticulum and vesicular structures

The enzyme acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) is normally localized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) where it can esterify cholesterol for storage in lipid droplets and/or the formation of lipoproteins. Here, we report that ACAT can translocate from the ER into vesicular structures in resp...

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Autores principales: Schiffmann, Andrea, Ahlswede, Lena, Gimpl, Gerald
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10667705/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38028547
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmolb.2023.1258799
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author Schiffmann, Andrea
Ahlswede, Lena
Gimpl, Gerald
author_facet Schiffmann, Andrea
Ahlswede, Lena
Gimpl, Gerald
author_sort Schiffmann, Andrea
collection PubMed
description The enzyme acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) is normally localized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) where it can esterify cholesterol for storage in lipid droplets and/or the formation of lipoproteins. Here, we report that ACAT can translocate from the ER into vesicular structures in response to different ACAT inhibitors. The translocation was fast (within minutes), reversible and occurred in different cell types. Interestingly, oleic acid was able to fasten the re-translocation from vesicles back into the reticular ER network. The process of ACAT translocation could also be induced by cyclodextrins, cholesterol, lanosterol (but not 4-cholestene-3 one), 25-hydroxycholesterol, and by certain stress stimuli such as hyperosmolarity (sucrose treatment), temperature change, or high-density cultivation. In vitro esterification showed that ACAT remains fully active after it has been translocated to vesicles in response to hyperosmotic sucrose treatment of the cells. The translocation process was not accompanied by changes in the electrophoretic mobility of ACAT, even after chemical crosslinking. Interestingly, the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide showed a stimulating effect on ACAT activity and prevented the translocation of ACAT from the ER into vesicles.
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spelling pubmed-106677052023-01-01 Reversible translocation of acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) between the endoplasmic reticulum and vesicular structures Schiffmann, Andrea Ahlswede, Lena Gimpl, Gerald Front Mol Biosci Molecular Biosciences The enzyme acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) is normally localized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) where it can esterify cholesterol for storage in lipid droplets and/or the formation of lipoproteins. Here, we report that ACAT can translocate from the ER into vesicular structures in response to different ACAT inhibitors. The translocation was fast (within minutes), reversible and occurred in different cell types. Interestingly, oleic acid was able to fasten the re-translocation from vesicles back into the reticular ER network. The process of ACAT translocation could also be induced by cyclodextrins, cholesterol, lanosterol (but not 4-cholestene-3 one), 25-hydroxycholesterol, and by certain stress stimuli such as hyperosmolarity (sucrose treatment), temperature change, or high-density cultivation. In vitro esterification showed that ACAT remains fully active after it has been translocated to vesicles in response to hyperosmotic sucrose treatment of the cells. The translocation process was not accompanied by changes in the electrophoretic mobility of ACAT, even after chemical crosslinking. Interestingly, the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide showed a stimulating effect on ACAT activity and prevented the translocation of ACAT from the ER into vesicles. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-11-10 /pmc/articles/PMC10667705/ /pubmed/38028547 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmolb.2023.1258799 Text en Copyright © 2023 Schiffmann, Ahlswede and Gimpl. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Molecular Biosciences
Schiffmann, Andrea
Ahlswede, Lena
Gimpl, Gerald
Reversible translocation of acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) between the endoplasmic reticulum and vesicular structures
title Reversible translocation of acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) between the endoplasmic reticulum and vesicular structures
title_full Reversible translocation of acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) between the endoplasmic reticulum and vesicular structures
title_fullStr Reversible translocation of acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) between the endoplasmic reticulum and vesicular structures
title_full_unstemmed Reversible translocation of acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) between the endoplasmic reticulum and vesicular structures
title_short Reversible translocation of acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) between the endoplasmic reticulum and vesicular structures
title_sort reversible translocation of acyl-coa:cholesterol acyltransferase (acat) between the endoplasmic reticulum and vesicular structures
topic Molecular Biosciences
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10667705/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38028547
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmolb.2023.1258799
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AT gimplgerald reversibletranslocationofacylcoacholesterolacyltransferaseacatbetweentheendoplasmicreticulumandvesicularstructures