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Spontaneous Trait Inferences From Behavior: A Systematic Meta-Analysis

Research suggests that people spontaneously infer traits from behavioral information, thus forming impressions of actors’ personalities. Such spontaneous trait inferences (STI) have been examined in a wide range of studies in the last four decades. Here, we provide the first systematic meta-analysis...

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Autores principales: Bott, Antonia, Brockmann, Larissa, Denneberg, Ivo, Henken, Espen, Kuper, Niclas, Kruse, Felix, Degner, Juliane
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: SAGE Publications 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10676050/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35751144
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01461672221100336
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author Bott, Antonia
Brockmann, Larissa
Denneberg, Ivo
Henken, Espen
Kuper, Niclas
Kruse, Felix
Degner, Juliane
author_facet Bott, Antonia
Brockmann, Larissa
Denneberg, Ivo
Henken, Espen
Kuper, Niclas
Kruse, Felix
Degner, Juliane
author_sort Bott, Antonia
collection PubMed
description Research suggests that people spontaneously infer traits from behavioral information, thus forming impressions of actors’ personalities. Such spontaneous trait inferences (STI) have been examined in a wide range of studies in the last four decades. Here, we provide the first systematic meta-analysis of this vast literature. We included data from k = 86 publications, with overall N = 13,630 participants. The average STI effect was moderate to large (d(z) = 0.59) and showed substantial heterogeneity. The type of experimental paradigm significantly moderated the STI effect size, with larger effects in long-term memory–based paradigms compared with working memory–based paradigms. Generally, STI effects were robust to various methodological variations and also to potential concerns of publication bias. Contrary to expectations, cultural background (independent vs. interdependent) did not emerge as a significant moderator of STI effects. We discuss these findings with respect to their theoretical relevance and derive implications for future research and theorizing.
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spelling pubmed-106760502023-11-25 Spontaneous Trait Inferences From Behavior: A Systematic Meta-Analysis Bott, Antonia Brockmann, Larissa Denneberg, Ivo Henken, Espen Kuper, Niclas Kruse, Felix Degner, Juliane Pers Soc Psychol Bull Articles Research suggests that people spontaneously infer traits from behavioral information, thus forming impressions of actors’ personalities. Such spontaneous trait inferences (STI) have been examined in a wide range of studies in the last four decades. Here, we provide the first systematic meta-analysis of this vast literature. We included data from k = 86 publications, with overall N = 13,630 participants. The average STI effect was moderate to large (d(z) = 0.59) and showed substantial heterogeneity. The type of experimental paradigm significantly moderated the STI effect size, with larger effects in long-term memory–based paradigms compared with working memory–based paradigms. Generally, STI effects were robust to various methodological variations and also to potential concerns of publication bias. Contrary to expectations, cultural background (independent vs. interdependent) did not emerge as a significant moderator of STI effects. We discuss these findings with respect to their theoretical relevance and derive implications for future research and theorizing. SAGE Publications 2022-06-24 2024-01 /pmc/articles/PMC10676050/ /pubmed/35751144 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01461672221100336 Text en © 2022 by the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Inc https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) which permits any use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access page (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).
spellingShingle Articles
Bott, Antonia
Brockmann, Larissa
Denneberg, Ivo
Henken, Espen
Kuper, Niclas
Kruse, Felix
Degner, Juliane
Spontaneous Trait Inferences From Behavior: A Systematic Meta-Analysis
title Spontaneous Trait Inferences From Behavior: A Systematic Meta-Analysis
title_full Spontaneous Trait Inferences From Behavior: A Systematic Meta-Analysis
title_fullStr Spontaneous Trait Inferences From Behavior: A Systematic Meta-Analysis
title_full_unstemmed Spontaneous Trait Inferences From Behavior: A Systematic Meta-Analysis
title_short Spontaneous Trait Inferences From Behavior: A Systematic Meta-Analysis
title_sort spontaneous trait inferences from behavior: a systematic meta-analysis
topic Articles
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10676050/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35751144
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01461672221100336
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