The naturally trans-acting ribozyme RNase P RNA has leadzyme properties

Divalent metal ions promote hydrolysis of RNA backbones generating 5′OH and 2′;3′P as cleavage products. In these reactions, the neighboring 2′OH act as the nucleophile. RNA catalyzed reactions also require divalent metal ions and a number of different metal ions function in RNA mediated cleavage of RNA. In one case, the LZV leadzyme, it was shown that this catalytic RNA requires lead for catalysis. So far, none of the naturally isolated ribozymes have been demonstrated to use lead to activate the nucleophile. Here we provide evidence that RNase P RNA, a naturally trans-acting ribozyme, has leadzyme properties. But, in contrast to LZV RNA, RNase P RNA mediated cleavage promoted by Pb(2+) results in 5′ phosphate and 3′OH as cleavage products. Based on our findings, we infer that Pb(2+) activates H(2)O to act as the nucleophile and we identified residues both in the substrate and RNase P RNA that most likely influenced the positioning of Pb(2+) at the cleavage site. Our data suggest that Pb(2+) can promote cleavage of RNA by activating either an inner sphere H(2)O or a neighboring 2′OH to act as nucleophile.