Lack of Evidence for Contact Sensitization by Pfiesteria Extract

BACKGROUND: Members of the estuarine dinoflagellate genus Pfiesteria are reported to have been responsible for massive fish kills in the southeastern United States. Some reports suggest that exposure to waters having Pfiesteria blooms or occupation-related exposure might result in Pfiesteria-induced...

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Autores principales: Patterson, Rachel M., Noga, Edward, Germolec, Dori
Formato: Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences 2007
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1913569/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17637917
http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.9559
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author Patterson, Rachel M.
Noga, Edward
Germolec, Dori
author_facet Patterson, Rachel M.
Noga, Edward
Germolec, Dori
author_sort Patterson, Rachel M.
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Members of the estuarine dinoflagellate genus Pfiesteria are reported to have been responsible for massive fish kills in the southeastern United States. Some reports suggest that exposure to waters having Pfiesteria blooms or occupation-related exposure might result in Pfiesteria-induced dermal irritation and inflammation. Although the toxin has not been isolated and purified, the original data suggested both hydrophilic and hydrophobic toxic components. Some investigators propose that dermonecrotic properties are associated with a hydrophobic fraction. OBJECTIVES: A bioactive C18-bound putative toxin (CPE) extracted from Pfiesteria-laden aquarium water during active fish-killing conditions was examined in the present study to evaluate its potential to produce inflammation and dermal sensitization and to determine whether the inflammation and dermatitis reported in early human exposure studies were allergic or irritant in nature. RESULTS: This fraction was cytotoxic to mouse Neuro-2A cells and primary human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK) at a concentration of 1 mg/mL. Balb/C mice exposed to 50–200% CPE by skin painting exhibited a 6–10% increase in ear swelling relative to vehicle-treated mice in a primary irritancy assay. There was no increase in lymph node cell proliferation as measured using the local lymph node assay. Exposure to CPE in culture up-regulated interleukin-8 in NHEK, whereas granulocyte macrophage–colony-stimulating factor and tumor necrosis factor α were only minimally altered. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that CPE is cytotoxic to keratinocytes in culture at high concentrations and that it induces mild, localized irritation but not dermal sensitization.
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spelling pubmed-19135692007-07-16 Lack of Evidence for Contact Sensitization by Pfiesteria Extract Patterson, Rachel M. Noga, Edward Germolec, Dori Environ Health Perspect Research BACKGROUND: Members of the estuarine dinoflagellate genus Pfiesteria are reported to have been responsible for massive fish kills in the southeastern United States. Some reports suggest that exposure to waters having Pfiesteria blooms or occupation-related exposure might result in Pfiesteria-induced dermal irritation and inflammation. Although the toxin has not been isolated and purified, the original data suggested both hydrophilic and hydrophobic toxic components. Some investigators propose that dermonecrotic properties are associated with a hydrophobic fraction. OBJECTIVES: A bioactive C18-bound putative toxin (CPE) extracted from Pfiesteria-laden aquarium water during active fish-killing conditions was examined in the present study to evaluate its potential to produce inflammation and dermal sensitization and to determine whether the inflammation and dermatitis reported in early human exposure studies were allergic or irritant in nature. RESULTS: This fraction was cytotoxic to mouse Neuro-2A cells and primary human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK) at a concentration of 1 mg/mL. Balb/C mice exposed to 50–200% CPE by skin painting exhibited a 6–10% increase in ear swelling relative to vehicle-treated mice in a primary irritancy assay. There was no increase in lymph node cell proliferation as measured using the local lymph node assay. Exposure to CPE in culture up-regulated interleukin-8 in NHEK, whereas granulocyte macrophage–colony-stimulating factor and tumor necrosis factor α were only minimally altered. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that CPE is cytotoxic to keratinocytes in culture at high concentrations and that it induces mild, localized irritation but not dermal sensitization. National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences 2007-07 2007-02-26 /pmc/articles/PMC1913569/ /pubmed/17637917 http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.9559 Text en http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ Publication of EHP lies in the public domain and is therefore without copyright. All text from EHP may be reprinted freely. Use of materials published in EHP should be acknowledged (for example, ?Reproduced with permission from Environmental Health Perspectives?); pertinent reference information should be provided for the article from which the material was reproduced. Articles from EHP, especially the News section, may contain photographs or illustrations copyrighted by other commercial organizations or individuals that may not be used without obtaining prior approval from the holder of the copyright.
spellingShingle Research
Patterson, Rachel M.
Noga, Edward
Germolec, Dori
Lack of Evidence for Contact Sensitization by Pfiesteria Extract
title Lack of Evidence for Contact Sensitization by Pfiesteria Extract
title_full Lack of Evidence for Contact Sensitization by Pfiesteria Extract
title_fullStr Lack of Evidence for Contact Sensitization by Pfiesteria Extract
title_full_unstemmed Lack of Evidence for Contact Sensitization by Pfiesteria Extract
title_short Lack of Evidence for Contact Sensitization by Pfiesteria Extract
title_sort lack of evidence for contact sensitization by pfiesteria extract
topic Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1913569/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17637917
http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.9559
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