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Gene Regulation in Primates Evolves under Tissue-Specific Selection Pressures

Regulatory changes have long been hypothesized to play an important role in primate evolution. To identify adaptive regulatory changes in humans, we performed a genome-wide survey for genes in which regulation has likely evolved under natural selection. To do so, we used a multi-species microarray t...

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Autores principales: Blekhman, Ran, Oshlack, Alicia, Chabot, Adrien E., Smyth, Gordon K., Gilad, Yoav
Formato: Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2008
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2581600/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19023414
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1000271
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author Blekhman, Ran
Oshlack, Alicia
Chabot, Adrien E.
Smyth, Gordon K.
Gilad, Yoav
author_facet Blekhman, Ran
Oshlack, Alicia
Chabot, Adrien E.
Smyth, Gordon K.
Gilad, Yoav
author_sort Blekhman, Ran
collection PubMed
description Regulatory changes have long been hypothesized to play an important role in primate evolution. To identify adaptive regulatory changes in humans, we performed a genome-wide survey for genes in which regulation has likely evolved under natural selection. To do so, we used a multi-species microarray to measure gene expression levels in livers, kidneys, and hearts from six humans, chimpanzees, and rhesus macaques. This comparative gene expression data allowed us to identify a large number of genes, as well as specific pathways, whose inter-species expression profiles are consistent with the action of stabilizing or directional selection on gene regulation. Among the latter set, we found an enrichment of genes involved in metabolic pathways, consistent with the hypothesis that shifts in diet underlie many regulatory adaptations in humans. In addition, we found evidence for tissue-specific selection pressures, as well as lower rates of protein evolution for genes in which regulation evolves under natural selection. These observations are consistent with the notion that adaptive circumscribed changes in gene regulation have fewer deleterious pleiotropic effects compared with changes at the protein sequence level.
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spelling pubmed-25816002008-11-21 Gene Regulation in Primates Evolves under Tissue-Specific Selection Pressures Blekhman, Ran Oshlack, Alicia Chabot, Adrien E. Smyth, Gordon K. Gilad, Yoav PLoS Genet Research Article Regulatory changes have long been hypothesized to play an important role in primate evolution. To identify adaptive regulatory changes in humans, we performed a genome-wide survey for genes in which regulation has likely evolved under natural selection. To do so, we used a multi-species microarray to measure gene expression levels in livers, kidneys, and hearts from six humans, chimpanzees, and rhesus macaques. This comparative gene expression data allowed us to identify a large number of genes, as well as specific pathways, whose inter-species expression profiles are consistent with the action of stabilizing or directional selection on gene regulation. Among the latter set, we found an enrichment of genes involved in metabolic pathways, consistent with the hypothesis that shifts in diet underlie many regulatory adaptations in humans. In addition, we found evidence for tissue-specific selection pressures, as well as lower rates of protein evolution for genes in which regulation evolves under natural selection. These observations are consistent with the notion that adaptive circumscribed changes in gene regulation have fewer deleterious pleiotropic effects compared with changes at the protein sequence level. Public Library of Science 2008-11-21 /pmc/articles/PMC2581600/ /pubmed/19023414 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1000271 Text en Blekhman et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Blekhman, Ran
Oshlack, Alicia
Chabot, Adrien E.
Smyth, Gordon K.
Gilad, Yoav
Gene Regulation in Primates Evolves under Tissue-Specific Selection Pressures
title Gene Regulation in Primates Evolves under Tissue-Specific Selection Pressures
title_full Gene Regulation in Primates Evolves under Tissue-Specific Selection Pressures
title_fullStr Gene Regulation in Primates Evolves under Tissue-Specific Selection Pressures
title_full_unstemmed Gene Regulation in Primates Evolves under Tissue-Specific Selection Pressures
title_short Gene Regulation in Primates Evolves under Tissue-Specific Selection Pressures
title_sort gene regulation in primates evolves under tissue-specific selection pressures
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2581600/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19023414
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1000271
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