Action potential clamp and chloroquine sensitivity of mutant Kir2.1 channels responsible for variant 3 short QT syndrome

Recently identified genetic forms of short QT syndrome (SQTS) are associated with an increased risk of arrhythmia and sudden death. The SQT3 variant is associated with an amino-acid substitution (D172N) in the KCNJ2-encoded Kir2.1 K(+) channel. In this study, whole-cell action potential (AP) clamp recording from transiently transfected Chinese Hamster Ovary cells at 37 °C showed marked augmentation of outward Kir2.1 current through D172N channels, associated with right-ward voltage-shifts of peak repolarizing current during both ventricular and atrial AP commands. Peak outward current elicited by ventricular AP commands was inhibited by chloroquine with an IC(50) of 2.45 μM for wild-type (WT) Kir2.1, of 3.30 μM for D172N-Kir2.1 alone and of 3.11 μM for co-expressed WT and D172N (P > 0.05 for all). These findings establish chloroquine as an effective inhibitor of SQT3 mutant Kir2.1 channels.