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Pedagogical strategies used in clinical medical education: an observational study

BACKGROUND: Clinical teaching is a complex learning situation influenced by the learning content, the setting and the participants' actions and interactions. Few empirical studies have been conducted in order to explore how clinical supervision is carried out in authentic situations. In this st...

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Autores principales: Nilsson, Maria Skyvell, Pennbrant, Sandra, Pilhammar, Ewa, Wenestam, Claes-Göran
Formato: Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2010
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2824800/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20105340
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1472-6920-10-9
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author Nilsson, Maria Skyvell
Pennbrant, Sandra
Pilhammar, Ewa
Wenestam, Claes-Göran
author_facet Nilsson, Maria Skyvell
Pennbrant, Sandra
Pilhammar, Ewa
Wenestam, Claes-Göran
author_sort Nilsson, Maria Skyvell
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Clinical teaching is a complex learning situation influenced by the learning content, the setting and the participants' actions and interactions. Few empirical studies have been conducted in order to explore how clinical supervision is carried out in authentic situations. In this study we explore how clinical teaching is carried out in a clinical environment with medical students. METHODS: Following an ethnographic approach looking for meaning patterns, similarities and differences in how clinical teachers manage clinical teaching; non-participant observations and informal interviews were conducted during a four month period 2004-2005. The setting was at a teaching hospital in Sweden. The participants were clinical teachers and their 4th year medical students taking a course in surgery. The observations were guided by the aim of the study. Observational notes and notes from informal interviews were transcribed after each observation and all data material was analysed qualitatively. RESULTS: Seven pedagogical strategies were found to be applied, namely: 1) Questions and answers, 2) Lecturing, 3) Piloting, 4) Prompting, 5) Supplementing, 6) Demonstrating, and 7) Intervening. CONCLUSIONS: This study contributes to previous research in describing a repertoire of pedagogical strategies used in clinical education. The findings showed that three superordinate qualitatively different ways of teaching could be identified that fit Ramsden's model. Each of these pedagogical strategies encompass different focus in teaching; either a focus on the teacher's knowledge and behaviour or the student's behaviour and understanding. We suggest that an increased awareness of the strategies in use will increase clinical teachers' teaching skills and the consequences they will have on the students' ability to learn. The pedagogical strategies need to be considered and scrutinized in further research in order to verify their impact on students' learning.
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spelling pubmed-28248002010-02-20 Pedagogical strategies used in clinical medical education: an observational study Nilsson, Maria Skyvell Pennbrant, Sandra Pilhammar, Ewa Wenestam, Claes-Göran BMC Med Educ Research Article BACKGROUND: Clinical teaching is a complex learning situation influenced by the learning content, the setting and the participants' actions and interactions. Few empirical studies have been conducted in order to explore how clinical supervision is carried out in authentic situations. In this study we explore how clinical teaching is carried out in a clinical environment with medical students. METHODS: Following an ethnographic approach looking for meaning patterns, similarities and differences in how clinical teachers manage clinical teaching; non-participant observations and informal interviews were conducted during a four month period 2004-2005. The setting was at a teaching hospital in Sweden. The participants were clinical teachers and their 4th year medical students taking a course in surgery. The observations were guided by the aim of the study. Observational notes and notes from informal interviews were transcribed after each observation and all data material was analysed qualitatively. RESULTS: Seven pedagogical strategies were found to be applied, namely: 1) Questions and answers, 2) Lecturing, 3) Piloting, 4) Prompting, 5) Supplementing, 6) Demonstrating, and 7) Intervening. CONCLUSIONS: This study contributes to previous research in describing a repertoire of pedagogical strategies used in clinical education. The findings showed that three superordinate qualitatively different ways of teaching could be identified that fit Ramsden's model. Each of these pedagogical strategies encompass different focus in teaching; either a focus on the teacher's knowledge and behaviour or the student's behaviour and understanding. We suggest that an increased awareness of the strategies in use will increase clinical teachers' teaching skills and the consequences they will have on the students' ability to learn. The pedagogical strategies need to be considered and scrutinized in further research in order to verify their impact on students' learning. BioMed Central 2010-01-28 /pmc/articles/PMC2824800/ /pubmed/20105340 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1472-6920-10-9 Text en Copyright ©2010 Nilsson et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Nilsson, Maria Skyvell
Pennbrant, Sandra
Pilhammar, Ewa
Wenestam, Claes-Göran
Pedagogical strategies used in clinical medical education: an observational study
title Pedagogical strategies used in clinical medical education: an observational study
title_full Pedagogical strategies used in clinical medical education: an observational study
title_fullStr Pedagogical strategies used in clinical medical education: an observational study
title_full_unstemmed Pedagogical strategies used in clinical medical education: an observational study
title_short Pedagogical strategies used in clinical medical education: an observational study
title_sort pedagogical strategies used in clinical medical education: an observational study
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2824800/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20105340
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1472-6920-10-9
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