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Dietary intakes and food sources of fat and fatty acids in Guatemalan schoolchildren: A cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND: Consumption of healthy diets that contribute with adequate amounts of fat and fatty acids is needed for children. Among Guatemalan children, there is little information about fat intakes. Therefore, the present study sought to assess intakes of dietary fats and examine food sources of th...

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Autores principales: Bermudez, Odilia I, Toher, Claire, Montenegro-Bethancourt, Gabriela, Vossenaar, Marieke, Mathias, Paul, Doak, Colleen, Solomons, Noel W
Formato: Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2010
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2868781/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20416064
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1475-2891-9-20
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author Bermudez, Odilia I
Toher, Claire
Montenegro-Bethancourt, Gabriela
Vossenaar, Marieke
Mathias, Paul
Doak, Colleen
Solomons, Noel W
author_facet Bermudez, Odilia I
Toher, Claire
Montenegro-Bethancourt, Gabriela
Vossenaar, Marieke
Mathias, Paul
Doak, Colleen
Solomons, Noel W
author_sort Bermudez, Odilia I
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Consumption of healthy diets that contribute with adequate amounts of fat and fatty acids is needed for children. Among Guatemalan children, there is little information about fat intakes. Therefore, the present study sought to assess intakes of dietary fats and examine food sources of those fats in Guatemalan children. METHODS: The study subjects consisted of a convenience sample of 449 third- and fourth-grade schoolchildren (8-10 y), attending public or private schools in Quetzaltenango City, Guatemala. Dietary data was obtained by means of a single pictorial 24-h record. RESULTS: The percentages of total energy (%E) from total fat, saturated fat (SFA) and monounsaturated fat (MUFA) reached 29%E for total fat and 10%E for each SFA and MUFA, without gender differences. %E from fats in high vs. low-socio economic status (SES) children were significantly higher for boys, but not for girls, for total fat (p = 0.002) and SFA (p < 0.001). Large proportions of the children had low levels of intakes of some fatty acids (FA), particularly for n-3 FA, with >97% of all groups consuming less than 1%E from this fats. Fried eggs, sweet rolls, whole milk and cheese were main sources of total fat and, SFA. Whole milk and sweet bread were important sources of n-3 FA for high- and low-SES boys and girls, respectively. Fried plantain was the main source of n-3 FA for girls in the high-SES group. Fried fish, seafood soup, and shrimp, consumed only by boys in low amounts, were sources of eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids, which may explain the low intakes of these nutrients. CONCLUSIONS: α-linolenic acid, EPA and DHA were the most limiting fatty acids in diets of Guatemalan schoolchildren, which could be partially explained by the low consumption of sources of these nutrients, particularly fish and seafood (for EPA and DHA). This population will benefit from a higher consumption of culturally acceptable foods that are rich in these limiting nutrients.
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spelling pubmed-28687812010-05-13 Dietary intakes and food sources of fat and fatty acids in Guatemalan schoolchildren: A cross-sectional study Bermudez, Odilia I Toher, Claire Montenegro-Bethancourt, Gabriela Vossenaar, Marieke Mathias, Paul Doak, Colleen Solomons, Noel W Nutr J Research BACKGROUND: Consumption of healthy diets that contribute with adequate amounts of fat and fatty acids is needed for children. Among Guatemalan children, there is little information about fat intakes. Therefore, the present study sought to assess intakes of dietary fats and examine food sources of those fats in Guatemalan children. METHODS: The study subjects consisted of a convenience sample of 449 third- and fourth-grade schoolchildren (8-10 y), attending public or private schools in Quetzaltenango City, Guatemala. Dietary data was obtained by means of a single pictorial 24-h record. RESULTS: The percentages of total energy (%E) from total fat, saturated fat (SFA) and monounsaturated fat (MUFA) reached 29%E for total fat and 10%E for each SFA and MUFA, without gender differences. %E from fats in high vs. low-socio economic status (SES) children were significantly higher for boys, but not for girls, for total fat (p = 0.002) and SFA (p < 0.001). Large proportions of the children had low levels of intakes of some fatty acids (FA), particularly for n-3 FA, with >97% of all groups consuming less than 1%E from this fats. Fried eggs, sweet rolls, whole milk and cheese were main sources of total fat and, SFA. Whole milk and sweet bread were important sources of n-3 FA for high- and low-SES boys and girls, respectively. Fried plantain was the main source of n-3 FA for girls in the high-SES group. Fried fish, seafood soup, and shrimp, consumed only by boys in low amounts, were sources of eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids, which may explain the low intakes of these nutrients. CONCLUSIONS: α-linolenic acid, EPA and DHA were the most limiting fatty acids in diets of Guatemalan schoolchildren, which could be partially explained by the low consumption of sources of these nutrients, particularly fish and seafood (for EPA and DHA). This population will benefit from a higher consumption of culturally acceptable foods that are rich in these limiting nutrients. BioMed Central 2010-04-23 /pmc/articles/PMC2868781/ /pubmed/20416064 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1475-2891-9-20 Text en Copyright ©2010 Bermudez et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Research
Bermudez, Odilia I
Toher, Claire
Montenegro-Bethancourt, Gabriela
Vossenaar, Marieke
Mathias, Paul
Doak, Colleen
Solomons, Noel W
Dietary intakes and food sources of fat and fatty acids in Guatemalan schoolchildren: A cross-sectional study
title Dietary intakes and food sources of fat and fatty acids in Guatemalan schoolchildren: A cross-sectional study
title_full Dietary intakes and food sources of fat and fatty acids in Guatemalan schoolchildren: A cross-sectional study
title_fullStr Dietary intakes and food sources of fat and fatty acids in Guatemalan schoolchildren: A cross-sectional study
title_full_unstemmed Dietary intakes and food sources of fat and fatty acids in Guatemalan schoolchildren: A cross-sectional study
title_short Dietary intakes and food sources of fat and fatty acids in Guatemalan schoolchildren: A cross-sectional study
title_sort dietary intakes and food sources of fat and fatty acids in guatemalan schoolchildren: a cross-sectional study
topic Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2868781/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20416064
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1475-2891-9-20
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