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Evolution of the Antiretroviral Restriction Factor TRIMCyp in Old World Primates
The retroviral restriction factor TRIMCyp, which is a fusion protein derived from the TRIM5 gene, blocks replication at a post-entry step. Among Old World primates, TRIMCyp has been found in four species of Asian macaques, but not in African monkeys. To further define the evolutionary origin of Old...
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Formato: | Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Public Library of Science
2010
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2982814/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21103414 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0014019 |
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author | Dietrich, Elizabeth A. Jones-Engel, Lisa Hu, Shiu-Lok |
author_facet | Dietrich, Elizabeth A. Jones-Engel, Lisa Hu, Shiu-Lok |
author_sort | Dietrich, Elizabeth A. |
collection | PubMed |
description | The retroviral restriction factor TRIMCyp, which is a fusion protein derived from the TRIM5 gene, blocks replication at a post-entry step. Among Old World primates, TRIMCyp has been found in four species of Asian macaques, but not in African monkeys. To further define the evolutionary origin of Old World TRIMCyp, we examined two species of baboons (genus Papio) and three additional macaque species, including M. sylvanus, which is the only macaque species found outside Asia, and represents the earliest diverging branch of the macaque lineage. None of four P. cynocephalus anubis, one P. hamadryas, and 36 M. sylvanus had either TRIMCyp mRNA or the genetic features required for its expression. M. sylvanus genomic sequences indicated that the lack of TRIMCyp in this species was not due to genetic homogeneity among specimens studied and revealed the existence of four TRIM5α alleles, all distinct from M. mulatta and Papio counterparts. Together with existing data on macaque evolution, our findings indicate that TRIMCyp evolved in the ancestors of Asian macaques approximately 5–6 million years before present (ybp), likely as a result of a retroviral threat. TRIMCyp then became fixed in the M. nemestrina lineage after it diverged from M. nigra, approximately 2 million ybp. The macaque lineage is unique among primates studied so far due to the presence and diversity of both TRIM5 and TRIMCyp restriction factors. Studies of these antiviral proteins may provide valuable information about natural antiviral mechanisms, and give further insight into the factors that shaped the evolution of macaque species. |
format | Text |
id | pubmed-2982814 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2010 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-29828142010-11-22 Evolution of the Antiretroviral Restriction Factor TRIMCyp in Old World Primates Dietrich, Elizabeth A. Jones-Engel, Lisa Hu, Shiu-Lok PLoS One Research Article The retroviral restriction factor TRIMCyp, which is a fusion protein derived from the TRIM5 gene, blocks replication at a post-entry step. Among Old World primates, TRIMCyp has been found in four species of Asian macaques, but not in African monkeys. To further define the evolutionary origin of Old World TRIMCyp, we examined two species of baboons (genus Papio) and three additional macaque species, including M. sylvanus, which is the only macaque species found outside Asia, and represents the earliest diverging branch of the macaque lineage. None of four P. cynocephalus anubis, one P. hamadryas, and 36 M. sylvanus had either TRIMCyp mRNA or the genetic features required for its expression. M. sylvanus genomic sequences indicated that the lack of TRIMCyp in this species was not due to genetic homogeneity among specimens studied and revealed the existence of four TRIM5α alleles, all distinct from M. mulatta and Papio counterparts. Together with existing data on macaque evolution, our findings indicate that TRIMCyp evolved in the ancestors of Asian macaques approximately 5–6 million years before present (ybp), likely as a result of a retroviral threat. TRIMCyp then became fixed in the M. nemestrina lineage after it diverged from M. nigra, approximately 2 million ybp. The macaque lineage is unique among primates studied so far due to the presence and diversity of both TRIM5 and TRIMCyp restriction factors. Studies of these antiviral proteins may provide valuable information about natural antiviral mechanisms, and give further insight into the factors that shaped the evolution of macaque species. Public Library of Science 2010-11-16 /pmc/articles/PMC2982814/ /pubmed/21103414 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0014019 Text en Dietrich et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Dietrich, Elizabeth A. Jones-Engel, Lisa Hu, Shiu-Lok Evolution of the Antiretroviral Restriction Factor TRIMCyp in Old World Primates |
title | Evolution of the Antiretroviral Restriction Factor TRIMCyp in Old World Primates |
title_full | Evolution of the Antiretroviral Restriction Factor TRIMCyp in Old World Primates |
title_fullStr | Evolution of the Antiretroviral Restriction Factor TRIMCyp in Old World Primates |
title_full_unstemmed | Evolution of the Antiretroviral Restriction Factor TRIMCyp in Old World Primates |
title_short | Evolution of the Antiretroviral Restriction Factor TRIMCyp in Old World Primates |
title_sort | evolution of the antiretroviral restriction factor trimcyp in old world primates |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2982814/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21103414 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0014019 |
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