Do Interactions Between Gut Ecology and Environmental Chemicals Contribute to Obesity and Diabetes?

Background: Gut microbiota are important factors in obesity and diabetes, yet little is known about their role in the toxicodynamics of environmental chemicals, including those recently found to be obesogenic and diabetogenic. Objectives: We integrated evidence that independently links gut ecology a...

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Autores principales: Snedeker, Suzanne M., Hay, Anthony G.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences 2011
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3295356/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22042266
http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1104204
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author Snedeker, Suzanne M.
Hay, Anthony G.
author_facet Snedeker, Suzanne M.
Hay, Anthony G.
author_sort Snedeker, Suzanne M.
collection PubMed
description Background: Gut microbiota are important factors in obesity and diabetes, yet little is known about their role in the toxicodynamics of environmental chemicals, including those recently found to be obesogenic and diabetogenic. Objectives: We integrated evidence that independently links gut ecology and environmental chemicals to obesity and diabetes, providing a framework for suggesting how these environmental factors may interact with these diseases, and identified future research needs. Methods: We examined studies with germ-free or antibiotic-treated laboratory animals, and human studies that evaluated how dietary influences and microbial changes affected obesity and diabetes. Strengths and weaknesses of studies evaluating how environmental chemical exposures may affect obesity and diabetes were summarized, and research gaps on how gut ecology may affect the disposition of environmental chemicals were identified. Results: Mounting evidence indicates that gut microbiota composition affects obesity and diabetes, as does exposure to environmental chemicals. The toxicology and pharmacology literature also suggests that interindividual variations in gut microbiota may affect chemical metabolism via direct activation of chemicals, depletion of metabolites needed for biotransformation, alteration of host biotransformation enzyme activities, changes in enterohepatic circulation, altered bioavailability of environmental chemicals and/or antioxidants from food, and alterations in gut motility and barrier function. Conclusions: Variations in gut microbiota are likely to affect human toxicodynamics and increase individual exposure to obesogenic and diabetogenic chemicals. Combating the global obesity and diabetes epidemics requires a multifaceted approach that should include greater emphasis on understanding and controlling the impact of interindividual gut microbe variability on the disposition of environmental chemicals in humans.
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spelling pubmed-32953562012-03-26 Do Interactions Between Gut Ecology and Environmental Chemicals Contribute to Obesity and Diabetes? Snedeker, Suzanne M. Hay, Anthony G. Environ Health Perspect Review Background: Gut microbiota are important factors in obesity and diabetes, yet little is known about their role in the toxicodynamics of environmental chemicals, including those recently found to be obesogenic and diabetogenic. Objectives: We integrated evidence that independently links gut ecology and environmental chemicals to obesity and diabetes, providing a framework for suggesting how these environmental factors may interact with these diseases, and identified future research needs. Methods: We examined studies with germ-free or antibiotic-treated laboratory animals, and human studies that evaluated how dietary influences and microbial changes affected obesity and diabetes. Strengths and weaknesses of studies evaluating how environmental chemical exposures may affect obesity and diabetes were summarized, and research gaps on how gut ecology may affect the disposition of environmental chemicals were identified. Results: Mounting evidence indicates that gut microbiota composition affects obesity and diabetes, as does exposure to environmental chemicals. The toxicology and pharmacology literature also suggests that interindividual variations in gut microbiota may affect chemical metabolism via direct activation of chemicals, depletion of metabolites needed for biotransformation, alteration of host biotransformation enzyme activities, changes in enterohepatic circulation, altered bioavailability of environmental chemicals and/or antioxidants from food, and alterations in gut motility and barrier function. Conclusions: Variations in gut microbiota are likely to affect human toxicodynamics and increase individual exposure to obesogenic and diabetogenic chemicals. Combating the global obesity and diabetes epidemics requires a multifaceted approach that should include greater emphasis on understanding and controlling the impact of interindividual gut microbe variability on the disposition of environmental chemicals in humans. National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences 2011-10-31 2012-03 /pmc/articles/PMC3295356/ /pubmed/22042266 http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1104204 Text en http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ Publication of EHP lies in the public domain and is therefore without copyright. All text from EHP may be reprinted freely. Use of materials published in EHP should be acknowledged (for example, ?Reproduced with permission from Environmental Health Perspectives?); pertinent reference information should be provided for the article from which the material was reproduced. Articles from EHP, especially the News section, may contain photographs or illustrations copyrighted by other commercial organizations or individuals that may not be used without obtaining prior approval from the holder of the copyright.
spellingShingle Review
Snedeker, Suzanne M.
Hay, Anthony G.
Do Interactions Between Gut Ecology and Environmental Chemicals Contribute to Obesity and Diabetes?
title Do Interactions Between Gut Ecology and Environmental Chemicals Contribute to Obesity and Diabetes?
title_full Do Interactions Between Gut Ecology and Environmental Chemicals Contribute to Obesity and Diabetes?
title_fullStr Do Interactions Between Gut Ecology and Environmental Chemicals Contribute to Obesity and Diabetes?
title_full_unstemmed Do Interactions Between Gut Ecology and Environmental Chemicals Contribute to Obesity and Diabetes?
title_short Do Interactions Between Gut Ecology and Environmental Chemicals Contribute to Obesity and Diabetes?
title_sort do interactions between gut ecology and environmental chemicals contribute to obesity and diabetes?
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3295356/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22042266
http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1104204
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