Mechanistic Framework for Establishment, Maintenance, and Alteration of Cell Polarity in Plants

Cell polarity establishment, maintenance, and alteration are central to the developmental and response programs of nearly all organisms and are often implicated in abnormalities ranging from patterning defects to cancer. By residing at the distinct plasma membrane domains polar cargoes mark the iden...

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Autor principal: Dhonukshe, Pankaj
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: The Scientific World Journal 2012
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3354747/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22645499
http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/2012/981658
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author Dhonukshe, Pankaj
author_facet Dhonukshe, Pankaj
author_sort Dhonukshe, Pankaj
collection PubMed
description Cell polarity establishment, maintenance, and alteration are central to the developmental and response programs of nearly all organisms and are often implicated in abnormalities ranging from patterning defects to cancer. By residing at the distinct plasma membrane domains polar cargoes mark the identities of those domains, and execute localized functions. Polar cargoes are recruited to the specialized membrane domains by directional secretion and/or directional endocytic recycling. In plants, auxin efflux carrier PIN proteins display polar localizations in various cell types and play major roles in directional cell-to-cell transport of signaling molecule auxin that is vital for plant patterning and response programs. Recent advanced microscopy studies applied to single cells in intact plants reveal subcellular PIN dynamics. They uncover the PIN polarity generation mechanism and identified important roles of AGC kinases for polar PIN localization. AGC kinase family members PINOID, WAG1, and WAG2, belonging to the AGC-3 subclass predominantly influence the polar localization of PINs. The emerging mechanism for AGC-3 kinases action suggests that kinases phosphorylate PINs mainly at the plasma membrane after initial symmetric PIN secretion for eventual PIN internalization and PIN sorting into distinct ARF-GEF-regulated polar recycling pathways. Thus phosphorylation status directs PIN translocation to different cell sides. Based on these findings a mechanistic framework evolves that suggests existence of cell side-specific recycling pathways in plants and implicates AGC3 kinases for differential PIN recruitment among them for eventual PIN polarity establishment, maintenance, and alteration.
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spelling pubmed-33547472012-05-29 Mechanistic Framework for Establishment, Maintenance, and Alteration of Cell Polarity in Plants Dhonukshe, Pankaj ScientificWorldJournal Review Article Cell polarity establishment, maintenance, and alteration are central to the developmental and response programs of nearly all organisms and are often implicated in abnormalities ranging from patterning defects to cancer. By residing at the distinct plasma membrane domains polar cargoes mark the identities of those domains, and execute localized functions. Polar cargoes are recruited to the specialized membrane domains by directional secretion and/or directional endocytic recycling. In plants, auxin efflux carrier PIN proteins display polar localizations in various cell types and play major roles in directional cell-to-cell transport of signaling molecule auxin that is vital for plant patterning and response programs. Recent advanced microscopy studies applied to single cells in intact plants reveal subcellular PIN dynamics. They uncover the PIN polarity generation mechanism and identified important roles of AGC kinases for polar PIN localization. AGC kinase family members PINOID, WAG1, and WAG2, belonging to the AGC-3 subclass predominantly influence the polar localization of PINs. The emerging mechanism for AGC-3 kinases action suggests that kinases phosphorylate PINs mainly at the plasma membrane after initial symmetric PIN secretion for eventual PIN internalization and PIN sorting into distinct ARF-GEF-regulated polar recycling pathways. Thus phosphorylation status directs PIN translocation to different cell sides. Based on these findings a mechanistic framework evolves that suggests existence of cell side-specific recycling pathways in plants and implicates AGC3 kinases for differential PIN recruitment among them for eventual PIN polarity establishment, maintenance, and alteration. The Scientific World Journal 2012-05-02 /pmc/articles/PMC3354747/ /pubmed/22645499 http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/2012/981658 Text en Copyright © 2012 Pankaj Dhonukshe. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Review Article
Dhonukshe, Pankaj
Mechanistic Framework for Establishment, Maintenance, and Alteration of Cell Polarity in Plants
title Mechanistic Framework for Establishment, Maintenance, and Alteration of Cell Polarity in Plants
title_full Mechanistic Framework for Establishment, Maintenance, and Alteration of Cell Polarity in Plants
title_fullStr Mechanistic Framework for Establishment, Maintenance, and Alteration of Cell Polarity in Plants
title_full_unstemmed Mechanistic Framework for Establishment, Maintenance, and Alteration of Cell Polarity in Plants
title_short Mechanistic Framework for Establishment, Maintenance, and Alteration of Cell Polarity in Plants
title_sort mechanistic framework for establishment, maintenance, and alteration of cell polarity in plants
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3354747/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22645499
http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/2012/981658
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