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Natural versus commercial carbohydrate supplementation and endurance running performance

BACKGROUND: We examined the metabolic, performance and gastrointestinal (GI) effects of supplementation with a natural food product (raisins) compared to a commercial product (sport chews). METHODS: Eleven male (29.3 ± 7.9 yrs; mean and SD) runners completed three randomized trials (raisins, chews a...

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Autores principales: Too, Brandon W, Cicai, Sarah, Hockett, Kali R, Applegate, Elizabeth, Davis, Brian A, Casazza, Gretchen A
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2012
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3464793/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22704463
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1550-2783-9-27
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author Too, Brandon W
Cicai, Sarah
Hockett, Kali R
Applegate, Elizabeth
Davis, Brian A
Casazza, Gretchen A
author_facet Too, Brandon W
Cicai, Sarah
Hockett, Kali R
Applegate, Elizabeth
Davis, Brian A
Casazza, Gretchen A
author_sort Too, Brandon W
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: We examined the metabolic, performance and gastrointestinal (GI) effects of supplementation with a natural food product (raisins) compared to a commercial product (sport chews). METHODS: Eleven male (29.3 ± 7.9 yrs; mean and SD) runners completed three randomized trials (raisins, chews and water only) separated by seven days. Each trial consisted of 80-min (75%VO(2)max) treadmill running followed by a 5-km time trial (TT). Heart rate (HR), respiratory exchange ratio (RER), blood lactate, serum free fatty acids (FFA), glycerol and insulin, plasma glucose and creatine kinase, GI symptoms and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were recorded every 20-min. We employed a within-subject two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for repeated measures with a Fisher’s post hoc analysis to determine significant differences. RESULTS: VO(2), HR, lactate, glycerol and RPE did not differ due to treatment. Average plasma glucose was maintained at resting levels (5.3 ± 0.4 mmol·L(-1)) during the sub-maximal exercise bout (5.9 ± 0.6, 5.7 ± 0.6 and 5.5 ± 0.5 mmol·L(-1) for chews, raisins and water respectively), and was significantly higher with chews than water only. RER and % of non-protein macronutrient oxidation derived from carbohydrate was highest with chews, followed by raisins and water was the lowest (74.4 ± 6.4, 70.0 ± 7.0 and 65.1 ± 8.7% for chews, raisins and water respectively) during the sub-maximal exercise period. Serum FFA was higher in the water treatment versus both raisins and chews at 80 min of sub-maximal exercise. Serum insulin was higher with the chews than both raisins and water (5.1 ± 2.0, 3.1 ± 0.8, 1.9 ± 0.6 uU·ml(-1) for chews, raisins and water respectively). Plasma creatine kinase, corrected for baseline values, for the last 40 min of the sub-maximal exercise bout, was higher with raisins compared to other treatments. The TT was faster for both carbohydrate supplements (20.6 ± 2.6, 20.7 ± 2.5, 21.6 ± 2.7 min for raisin, chews and water respectively). GI disturbance was mild for all treatments. CONCLUSION: Raisins and chews promoted higher carbohydrate oxidation and improved running performance compared to water only. Running performance was similar between the raisins and chews, with no significant GI differences.
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spelling pubmed-34647932012-10-05 Natural versus commercial carbohydrate supplementation and endurance running performance Too, Brandon W Cicai, Sarah Hockett, Kali R Applegate, Elizabeth Davis, Brian A Casazza, Gretchen A J Int Soc Sports Nutr Research Article BACKGROUND: We examined the metabolic, performance and gastrointestinal (GI) effects of supplementation with a natural food product (raisins) compared to a commercial product (sport chews). METHODS: Eleven male (29.3 ± 7.9 yrs; mean and SD) runners completed three randomized trials (raisins, chews and water only) separated by seven days. Each trial consisted of 80-min (75%VO(2)max) treadmill running followed by a 5-km time trial (TT). Heart rate (HR), respiratory exchange ratio (RER), blood lactate, serum free fatty acids (FFA), glycerol and insulin, plasma glucose and creatine kinase, GI symptoms and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were recorded every 20-min. We employed a within-subject two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for repeated measures with a Fisher’s post hoc analysis to determine significant differences. RESULTS: VO(2), HR, lactate, glycerol and RPE did not differ due to treatment. Average plasma glucose was maintained at resting levels (5.3 ± 0.4 mmol·L(-1)) during the sub-maximal exercise bout (5.9 ± 0.6, 5.7 ± 0.6 and 5.5 ± 0.5 mmol·L(-1) for chews, raisins and water respectively), and was significantly higher with chews than water only. RER and % of non-protein macronutrient oxidation derived from carbohydrate was highest with chews, followed by raisins and water was the lowest (74.4 ± 6.4, 70.0 ± 7.0 and 65.1 ± 8.7% for chews, raisins and water respectively) during the sub-maximal exercise period. Serum FFA was higher in the water treatment versus both raisins and chews at 80 min of sub-maximal exercise. Serum insulin was higher with the chews than both raisins and water (5.1 ± 2.0, 3.1 ± 0.8, 1.9 ± 0.6 uU·ml(-1) for chews, raisins and water respectively). Plasma creatine kinase, corrected for baseline values, for the last 40 min of the sub-maximal exercise bout, was higher with raisins compared to other treatments. The TT was faster for both carbohydrate supplements (20.6 ± 2.6, 20.7 ± 2.5, 21.6 ± 2.7 min for raisin, chews and water respectively). GI disturbance was mild for all treatments. CONCLUSION: Raisins and chews promoted higher carbohydrate oxidation and improved running performance compared to water only. Running performance was similar between the raisins and chews, with no significant GI differences. BioMed Central 2012-06-15 /pmc/articles/PMC3464793/ /pubmed/22704463 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1550-2783-9-27 Text en Copyright ©2012 Too et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Too, Brandon W
Cicai, Sarah
Hockett, Kali R
Applegate, Elizabeth
Davis, Brian A
Casazza, Gretchen A
Natural versus commercial carbohydrate supplementation and endurance running performance
title Natural versus commercial carbohydrate supplementation and endurance running performance
title_full Natural versus commercial carbohydrate supplementation and endurance running performance
title_fullStr Natural versus commercial carbohydrate supplementation and endurance running performance
title_full_unstemmed Natural versus commercial carbohydrate supplementation and endurance running performance
title_short Natural versus commercial carbohydrate supplementation and endurance running performance
title_sort natural versus commercial carbohydrate supplementation and endurance running performance
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3464793/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22704463
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1550-2783-9-27
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