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Addison’s Disease Symptoms – A Cross Sectional Study in Urban South Africa
BACKGROUND: Addison’s disease is a potentially life-threatening disorder, and prompt diagnosis, and introduction of steroid replacement has resulted in near normal life-expectancy. There are limited data describing the clinical presentation of Addison’s disease in South Africa. It is hypothesised th...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2013
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3538548/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23308244 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0053526 |
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author | Ross, Ian Louis Levitt, Naomi S. |
author_facet | Ross, Ian Louis Levitt, Naomi S. |
author_sort | Ross, Ian Louis |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Addison’s disease is a potentially life-threatening disorder, and prompt diagnosis, and introduction of steroid replacement has resulted in near normal life-expectancy. There are limited data describing the clinical presentation of Addison’s disease in South Africa. It is hypothesised that patients may present in advanced state of ill-health, compared to Western countries. PATIENTS: A national database of patients was compiled from primary care, referral centres and private practices. 148 patients were enrolled (97 white, 34 mixed ancestry, 5 Asian and 12 black). METHODS: Demographic and clinical data were elicited using questionnaires. Biochemical data were obtained from folder reviews and laboratory archived results. RESULTS: The majority of the cohort was women (62%). The median and inter-quartile age range (IQR) of patients at enrolment was 46.0 (32.0–61.0) years, with a wide range from 2.8–88.0 years. The median and IQR age at initial diagnosis was 34.0 (20.0–45.0) years (range 0.02–77.0) years, indicating that at the time of enrolment, the patients, on average, were diagnosed with Addison’s disease 12 years previously. Hyperpigmentation was observed in 76%, nausea and vomiting occurred in more than 40%, and weight loss was noted in 25%. Loss of consciousness as a presenting feature was recorded in 20%. with a 95% confidence interval [CI] of (14–28%) and shock occurred in 5% CI (1.5–8.5%). Case-finding was recorded at 3.1 per million. CONCLUSIONS: The usual constellation of hyperpigmentation, nausea, vomiting and weight loss suggests Addison’s disease, but a significant proportion present with an advanced state of ill-health and Addisonian crises. A lower prevalence rate, compared to Western countries is suggested. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3538548 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2013 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-35385482013-01-10 Addison’s Disease Symptoms – A Cross Sectional Study in Urban South Africa Ross, Ian Louis Levitt, Naomi S. PLoS One Research Article BACKGROUND: Addison’s disease is a potentially life-threatening disorder, and prompt diagnosis, and introduction of steroid replacement has resulted in near normal life-expectancy. There are limited data describing the clinical presentation of Addison’s disease in South Africa. It is hypothesised that patients may present in advanced state of ill-health, compared to Western countries. PATIENTS: A national database of patients was compiled from primary care, referral centres and private practices. 148 patients were enrolled (97 white, 34 mixed ancestry, 5 Asian and 12 black). METHODS: Demographic and clinical data were elicited using questionnaires. Biochemical data were obtained from folder reviews and laboratory archived results. RESULTS: The majority of the cohort was women (62%). The median and inter-quartile age range (IQR) of patients at enrolment was 46.0 (32.0–61.0) years, with a wide range from 2.8–88.0 years. The median and IQR age at initial diagnosis was 34.0 (20.0–45.0) years (range 0.02–77.0) years, indicating that at the time of enrolment, the patients, on average, were diagnosed with Addison’s disease 12 years previously. Hyperpigmentation was observed in 76%, nausea and vomiting occurred in more than 40%, and weight loss was noted in 25%. Loss of consciousness as a presenting feature was recorded in 20%. with a 95% confidence interval [CI] of (14–28%) and shock occurred in 5% CI (1.5–8.5%). Case-finding was recorded at 3.1 per million. CONCLUSIONS: The usual constellation of hyperpigmentation, nausea, vomiting and weight loss suggests Addison’s disease, but a significant proportion present with an advanced state of ill-health and Addisonian crises. A lower prevalence rate, compared to Western countries is suggested. Public Library of Science 2013-01-07 /pmc/articles/PMC3538548/ /pubmed/23308244 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0053526 Text en © 2013 Ross, Levitt http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Ross, Ian Louis Levitt, Naomi S. Addison’s Disease Symptoms – A Cross Sectional Study in Urban South Africa |
title | Addison’s Disease Symptoms – A Cross Sectional Study in Urban South Africa |
title_full | Addison’s Disease Symptoms – A Cross Sectional Study in Urban South Africa |
title_fullStr | Addison’s Disease Symptoms – A Cross Sectional Study in Urban South Africa |
title_full_unstemmed | Addison’s Disease Symptoms – A Cross Sectional Study in Urban South Africa |
title_short | Addison’s Disease Symptoms – A Cross Sectional Study in Urban South Africa |
title_sort | addison’s disease symptoms – a cross sectional study in urban south africa |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3538548/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23308244 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0053526 |
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