Development of Two Distinct Dendritic-Like APCs in the Context of Splenic Stroma

Murine splenic stroma has been found to provide an in vitro niche for hematopoiesis of dendritic-like APC. Two distinct cell types have been characterized. The novel “L-DC” subset has cross-presenting capacity, leading to activation of CD8(+) T cells, but not activating CD4(+) T cells, which is consistent with their CD11c(lo)CD11b(hi)MHC-II(−) phenotype. For L-DC, an equivalent tissue-specific APC has been found only in spleen. A second population of CD11c(hi)CD11b(lo)MHC-II(+) cells resembling conventional dendritic cells (cDC) can activate both CD4 and CD8 T cells. Production of L-DC but not cDC-like cells is now shown to be dependent on contact between the L-DC progenitor and stroma such that the presence of a Transwell membrane can prevent L-DC development. Since L-DC can be produced continuously in vitro in stromal co-cultures overlaid with bone marrow (BM) progenitors, it was hypothesized that L-DC progenitors are self-renewing. The L-DC progenitor is shown here to be defined by the Flt3(−)c-kit(+)Lin(−)Sca-1(+) (F(−)KLS) subset of adult BM which contains primitive HSC. Since the less primitive F(+)KLS HSC subset also contains L-DC progenitors, Flt3 does not appear to be a defining marker for this progenitor. Precursors of the cDC-like subset are found only within the F(+)KLS subset and seed production of a transient population of APC. All data identify differentiation of L-DC from HSC, and of cDC-like cells from DC precursors, which occurs independently of inflammatory signals and is dependent on a splenic stromal microenvironment.