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Increased Production of IL-4 and IL-12p40 from Bronchoalveolar Lavage Cells Are Biomarkers of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the Sputum

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) causes 1.45 million deaths annually world wide, the majority of which occur in the developing world. Active TB disease represents immune failure to control latent infection from airborne spread. Acid-fast bacillus (AFB) seen on sputum smear is a biomarker for contagious...

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Autores principales: Nolan, Anna, Fajardo, Elaine, Huie, Maryann L., Condos, Rany, Pooran, Anil, Dawson, Rodney, Dheda, Keertan, Bateman, Eric, Rom, William N., Weiden, Michael D.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2013
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3603887/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23527200
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0059461
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author Nolan, Anna
Fajardo, Elaine
Huie, Maryann L.
Condos, Rany
Pooran, Anil
Dawson, Rodney
Dheda, Keertan
Bateman, Eric
Rom, William N.
Weiden, Michael D.
author_facet Nolan, Anna
Fajardo, Elaine
Huie, Maryann L.
Condos, Rany
Pooran, Anil
Dawson, Rodney
Dheda, Keertan
Bateman, Eric
Rom, William N.
Weiden, Michael D.
author_sort Nolan, Anna
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) causes 1.45 million deaths annually world wide, the majority of which occur in the developing world. Active TB disease represents immune failure to control latent infection from airborne spread. Acid-fast bacillus (AFB) seen on sputum smear is a biomarker for contagiousness. METHODS: We enrolled 73 tuberculosis patients with extensive infiltrates into a research study using bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) to sample lung immune cells and assay BAL cell cytokine production. All patients had sputum culture demonstrating Mycobacterium tuberculosis and 59/73 (81%) had AFB identified by microscopy of the sputum. Compared with smear negative patients, smear positive patients at presentation had a higher proportion with smoking history, a higher proportion with temperature >38.5(0) C, higher BAL cells/ml, lower percent lymphocytes in BAL, higher IL-4 and IL-12p40 in BAL cell supernatants. There was no correlation between AFB smear and other BAL or serum cytokines. Increasing IL-4 was associated with BAL PMN and negatively associated with BAL lymphocytes. Each 10-fold increase in BAL IL-4 and IL-12p40 increased the odds of AFB smear positivity by 7.4 and 2.2-fold, respectively, in a multi-variable logistic model. CONCLUSION: Increasing IL-4 and IL-12p40 production by BAL cells are biomarkers for AFB in sputum of patients who present with radiographically advanced TB. They likely reflect less effective immune control of pathways for controlling TB, leading to patients with increased infectiousness.
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spelling pubmed-36038872013-03-22 Increased Production of IL-4 and IL-12p40 from Bronchoalveolar Lavage Cells Are Biomarkers of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the Sputum Nolan, Anna Fajardo, Elaine Huie, Maryann L. Condos, Rany Pooran, Anil Dawson, Rodney Dheda, Keertan Bateman, Eric Rom, William N. Weiden, Michael D. PLoS One Research Article BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) causes 1.45 million deaths annually world wide, the majority of which occur in the developing world. Active TB disease represents immune failure to control latent infection from airborne spread. Acid-fast bacillus (AFB) seen on sputum smear is a biomarker for contagiousness. METHODS: We enrolled 73 tuberculosis patients with extensive infiltrates into a research study using bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) to sample lung immune cells and assay BAL cell cytokine production. All patients had sputum culture demonstrating Mycobacterium tuberculosis and 59/73 (81%) had AFB identified by microscopy of the sputum. Compared with smear negative patients, smear positive patients at presentation had a higher proportion with smoking history, a higher proportion with temperature >38.5(0) C, higher BAL cells/ml, lower percent lymphocytes in BAL, higher IL-4 and IL-12p40 in BAL cell supernatants. There was no correlation between AFB smear and other BAL or serum cytokines. Increasing IL-4 was associated with BAL PMN and negatively associated with BAL lymphocytes. Each 10-fold increase in BAL IL-4 and IL-12p40 increased the odds of AFB smear positivity by 7.4 and 2.2-fold, respectively, in a multi-variable logistic model. CONCLUSION: Increasing IL-4 and IL-12p40 production by BAL cells are biomarkers for AFB in sputum of patients who present with radiographically advanced TB. They likely reflect less effective immune control of pathways for controlling TB, leading to patients with increased infectiousness. Public Library of Science 2013-03-20 /pmc/articles/PMC3603887/ /pubmed/23527200 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0059461 Text en © 2013 Nolan et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Nolan, Anna
Fajardo, Elaine
Huie, Maryann L.
Condos, Rany
Pooran, Anil
Dawson, Rodney
Dheda, Keertan
Bateman, Eric
Rom, William N.
Weiden, Michael D.
Increased Production of IL-4 and IL-12p40 from Bronchoalveolar Lavage Cells Are Biomarkers of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the Sputum
title Increased Production of IL-4 and IL-12p40 from Bronchoalveolar Lavage Cells Are Biomarkers of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the Sputum
title_full Increased Production of IL-4 and IL-12p40 from Bronchoalveolar Lavage Cells Are Biomarkers of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the Sputum
title_fullStr Increased Production of IL-4 and IL-12p40 from Bronchoalveolar Lavage Cells Are Biomarkers of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the Sputum
title_full_unstemmed Increased Production of IL-4 and IL-12p40 from Bronchoalveolar Lavage Cells Are Biomarkers of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the Sputum
title_short Increased Production of IL-4 and IL-12p40 from Bronchoalveolar Lavage Cells Are Biomarkers of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the Sputum
title_sort increased production of il-4 and il-12p40 from bronchoalveolar lavage cells are biomarkers of mycobacterium tuberculosis in the sputum
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3603887/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23527200
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0059461
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