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Summative assessments are more powerful drivers of student learning than resource intensive teaching formats

BACKGROUND: Electrocardiogram (ECG) interpretation is a core clinical skill that needs to be acquired during undergraduate medical education. Intensive teaching is generally assumed to produce more favorable learning outcomes, but recent research suggests that examinations are more powerful drivers...

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Autores principales: Raupach, Tobias, Brown, Jamie, Anders, Sven, Hasenfuss, Gerd, Harendza, Sigrid
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2013
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3635879/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23497243
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1741-7015-11-61
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author Raupach, Tobias
Brown, Jamie
Anders, Sven
Hasenfuss, Gerd
Harendza, Sigrid
author_facet Raupach, Tobias
Brown, Jamie
Anders, Sven
Hasenfuss, Gerd
Harendza, Sigrid
author_sort Raupach, Tobias
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Electrocardiogram (ECG) interpretation is a core clinical skill that needs to be acquired during undergraduate medical education. Intensive teaching is generally assumed to produce more favorable learning outcomes, but recent research suggests that examinations are more powerful drivers of student learning than instructional format. This study assessed the differential contribution of teaching format and examination consequences to learning outcome regarding ECG interpretation skills in undergraduate medical students. METHODS: A total of 534 fourth-year medical students participated in a six-group (two sets of three), partially randomized trial. Students received three levels of teaching intensity: self-directed learning (two groups), lectures (two groups) or small-group peer teaching facilitated by more advanced students (two groups). One of the two groups on each level of teaching intensity was assessed in a formative, the other in a summative written ECG examination, which provided a maximum of 1% credit points of the total curriculum. The formative examination provided individual feedback without credit points. Main outcome was the correct identification of ≥3 out of 5 diagnoses in original ECG tracings. Secondary outcome measures were time spent on independent study and use of additional study material. RESULTS: Compared with formative assessments, summative assessments increased the odds of correctly identifying at least three out of five ECG diagnoses (OR 5.14; 95% CI 3.26 to 8.09), of spending at least 2 h/week extra on ECG self-study (OR 4.02; 95% CI 2.65 to 6.12) and of using additional learning material (OR 2.86; 95% CI 1.92 to 4.24). Lectures and peer teaching were associated with increased learning effort only, but did not augment examination performance. CONCLUSIONS: Medical educators need to be aware of the paramount role of summative assessments in promoting student learning. Consequently, examinations within medical schools need to be closely matched to the desired learning outcomes. Shifting resources from implementing innovative and costly teaching formats to designing more high-quality summative examinations warrants further investigation.
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spelling pubmed-36358792013-04-26 Summative assessments are more powerful drivers of student learning than resource intensive teaching formats Raupach, Tobias Brown, Jamie Anders, Sven Hasenfuss, Gerd Harendza, Sigrid BMC Med Research Article BACKGROUND: Electrocardiogram (ECG) interpretation is a core clinical skill that needs to be acquired during undergraduate medical education. Intensive teaching is generally assumed to produce more favorable learning outcomes, but recent research suggests that examinations are more powerful drivers of student learning than instructional format. This study assessed the differential contribution of teaching format and examination consequences to learning outcome regarding ECG interpretation skills in undergraduate medical students. METHODS: A total of 534 fourth-year medical students participated in a six-group (two sets of three), partially randomized trial. Students received three levels of teaching intensity: self-directed learning (two groups), lectures (two groups) or small-group peer teaching facilitated by more advanced students (two groups). One of the two groups on each level of teaching intensity was assessed in a formative, the other in a summative written ECG examination, which provided a maximum of 1% credit points of the total curriculum. The formative examination provided individual feedback without credit points. Main outcome was the correct identification of ≥3 out of 5 diagnoses in original ECG tracings. Secondary outcome measures were time spent on independent study and use of additional study material. RESULTS: Compared with formative assessments, summative assessments increased the odds of correctly identifying at least three out of five ECG diagnoses (OR 5.14; 95% CI 3.26 to 8.09), of spending at least 2 h/week extra on ECG self-study (OR 4.02; 95% CI 2.65 to 6.12) and of using additional learning material (OR 2.86; 95% CI 1.92 to 4.24). Lectures and peer teaching were associated with increased learning effort only, but did not augment examination performance. CONCLUSIONS: Medical educators need to be aware of the paramount role of summative assessments in promoting student learning. Consequently, examinations within medical schools need to be closely matched to the desired learning outcomes. Shifting resources from implementing innovative and costly teaching formats to designing more high-quality summative examinations warrants further investigation. BioMed Central 2013-03-05 /pmc/articles/PMC3635879/ /pubmed/23497243 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1741-7015-11-61 Text en Copyright © 2013 Raupach et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Raupach, Tobias
Brown, Jamie
Anders, Sven
Hasenfuss, Gerd
Harendza, Sigrid
Summative assessments are more powerful drivers of student learning than resource intensive teaching formats
title Summative assessments are more powerful drivers of student learning than resource intensive teaching formats
title_full Summative assessments are more powerful drivers of student learning than resource intensive teaching formats
title_fullStr Summative assessments are more powerful drivers of student learning than resource intensive teaching formats
title_full_unstemmed Summative assessments are more powerful drivers of student learning than resource intensive teaching formats
title_short Summative assessments are more powerful drivers of student learning than resource intensive teaching formats
title_sort summative assessments are more powerful drivers of student learning than resource intensive teaching formats
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3635879/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23497243
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1741-7015-11-61
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