Thermal decomposition of [Co(en)(3)][Fe(CN)(6)]∙ 2H(2)O: Topotactic dehydration process, valence and spin exchange mechanism elucidation

BACKGROUND: The Prussian blue analogues represent well-known and extensively studied group of coordination species which has many remarkable applications due to their ion-exchange, electron transfer or magnetic properties. Among them, Co-Fe Prussian blue analogues have been extensively studied due to the photoinduced magnetization. Surprisingly, their suitability as precursors for solid-state synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles is almost unexplored. In this paper, the mechanism of thermal decomposition of [Co(en)(3)][Fe(CN)(6)] ∙∙ 2H(2)O (1a) is elucidated, including the topotactic dehydration, valence and spins exchange mechanisms suggestion and the formation of a mixture of CoFe(2)O(4)-Co(3)O(4) (3:1) as final products of thermal degradation. RESULTS: The course of thermal decomposition of 1a in air atmosphere up to 600°C was monitored by TG/DSC techniques, (57)Fe Mössbauer and IR spectroscopy. As first, the topotactic dehydration of 1a to the hemihydrate [Co(en)(3)][Fe(CN)(6)] ∙∙ 1/2H(2)O (1b) occurred with preserving the single-crystal character as was confirmed by the X-ray diffraction analysis. The consequent thermal decomposition proceeded in further four stages including intermediates varying in valence and spin states of both transition metal ions in their structures, i.e. [Fe(II)(en)(2)(μ-NC)Co(III)(CN)(4)], Fe(III)(NH(2)CH(2)CH(3))(2)(μ-NC)(2)Co(II)(CN)(3)] and Fe(III)[Co(II)(CN)(5)], which were suggested mainly from (57)Fe Mössbauer, IR spectral and elemental analyses data. Thermal decomposition was completed at 400°C when superparamagnetic phases of CoFe(2)O(4) and Co(3)O(4) in the molar ratio of 3:1 were formed. During further temperature increase (450 and 600°C), the ongoing crystallization process gave a new ferromagnetic phase attributed to the CoFe(2)O(4)-Co(3)O(4) nanocomposite particles. Their formation was confirmed by XRD and TEM analyses. In-field (5 K / 5 T) Mössbauer spectrum revealed canting of Fe(III) spin in almost fully inverse spinel structure of CoFe(2)O(4). CONCLUSIONS: It has been found that the thermal decomposition of [Co(en)(3)][Fe(CN)(6)] ∙∙ 2H(2)O in air atmosphere is a gradual multiple process accompanied by the formation of intermediates with different composition, stereochemistry, oxidation as well as spin states of both the central transition metals. The decomposition is finished above 400°C and the ongoing heating to 600°C results in the formation of CoFe(2)O(4)-Co(3)O(4) nanocomposite particles as the final decomposition product.