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R5 HIV-1 envelope attracts dendritic cells to cross the human intestinal epithelium and sample luminal virions via engagement of the CCR5

The gastrointestinal tract is a principal route of entry and site of persistence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). The intestinal mucosa, being rich of cells that are the main target of the virus, represents a primary site of viral replication and CD4(+) T-cell depletion. Here, we show...

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Autores principales: Cavarelli, Mariangela, Foglieni, Chiara, Rescigno, Maria, Scarlatti, Gabriella
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: WILEY-VCH Verlag 2013
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3662319/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23606583
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/emmm.201202232
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author Cavarelli, Mariangela
Foglieni, Chiara
Rescigno, Maria
Scarlatti, Gabriella
author_facet Cavarelli, Mariangela
Foglieni, Chiara
Rescigno, Maria
Scarlatti, Gabriella
author_sort Cavarelli, Mariangela
collection PubMed
description The gastrointestinal tract is a principal route of entry and site of persistence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). The intestinal mucosa, being rich of cells that are the main target of the virus, represents a primary site of viral replication and CD4(+) T-cell depletion. Here, we show both in vitro and ex vivo that HIV-1 of R5 but not X4 phenotype is capable of selectively triggering dendritic cells (DCs) to migrate within 30 min between intestinal epithelial cells to sample virions and transfer infection to target cells. The engagement of the chemokine receptor 5 on DCs and the viral envelope, regardless of the genetic subtype, drive DC migration. Viruses penetrating through transient opening of the tight junctions likely create a paracellular gradient to attract DCs. The formation of junctions with epithelial cells may initiate a haptotactic process of DCs and at the same time favour cell-to-cell viral transmission. Our findings indicate that HIV-1 translocation across the intestinal mucosa occurs through the selective engagement of DCs by R5 viruses, and may guide the design of new prevention strategies.
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spelling pubmed-36623192013-05-23 R5 HIV-1 envelope attracts dendritic cells to cross the human intestinal epithelium and sample luminal virions via engagement of the CCR5 Cavarelli, Mariangela Foglieni, Chiara Rescigno, Maria Scarlatti, Gabriella EMBO Mol Med Research Articles The gastrointestinal tract is a principal route of entry and site of persistence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). The intestinal mucosa, being rich of cells that are the main target of the virus, represents a primary site of viral replication and CD4(+) T-cell depletion. Here, we show both in vitro and ex vivo that HIV-1 of R5 but not X4 phenotype is capable of selectively triggering dendritic cells (DCs) to migrate within 30 min between intestinal epithelial cells to sample virions and transfer infection to target cells. The engagement of the chemokine receptor 5 on DCs and the viral envelope, regardless of the genetic subtype, drive DC migration. Viruses penetrating through transient opening of the tight junctions likely create a paracellular gradient to attract DCs. The formation of junctions with epithelial cells may initiate a haptotactic process of DCs and at the same time favour cell-to-cell viral transmission. Our findings indicate that HIV-1 translocation across the intestinal mucosa occurs through the selective engagement of DCs by R5 viruses, and may guide the design of new prevention strategies. WILEY-VCH Verlag 2013-05 2013-04-22 /pmc/articles/PMC3662319/ /pubmed/23606583 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/emmm.201202232 Text en Copyright © 2013 The Authors. Published by John Wiley and Sons, Ltd on behalf of EMBO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 3.0), which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Research Articles
Cavarelli, Mariangela
Foglieni, Chiara
Rescigno, Maria
Scarlatti, Gabriella
R5 HIV-1 envelope attracts dendritic cells to cross the human intestinal epithelium and sample luminal virions via engagement of the CCR5
title R5 HIV-1 envelope attracts dendritic cells to cross the human intestinal epithelium and sample luminal virions via engagement of the CCR5
title_full R5 HIV-1 envelope attracts dendritic cells to cross the human intestinal epithelium and sample luminal virions via engagement of the CCR5
title_fullStr R5 HIV-1 envelope attracts dendritic cells to cross the human intestinal epithelium and sample luminal virions via engagement of the CCR5
title_full_unstemmed R5 HIV-1 envelope attracts dendritic cells to cross the human intestinal epithelium and sample luminal virions via engagement of the CCR5
title_short R5 HIV-1 envelope attracts dendritic cells to cross the human intestinal epithelium and sample luminal virions via engagement of the CCR5
title_sort r5 hiv-1 envelope attracts dendritic cells to cross the human intestinal epithelium and sample luminal virions via engagement of the ccr5
topic Research Articles
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3662319/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23606583
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/emmm.201202232
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