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Genetic Basis of Variations in Nitrogen Source Utilization in Four Wine Commercial Yeast Strains

The capacity of wine yeast to utilize the nitrogen available in grape must directly correlates with the fermentation and growth rates of all wine yeast fermentation stages and is, thus, of critical importance for wine production. Here we precisely quantified the ability of low complexity nitrogen co...

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Autores principales: Gutiérrez, Alicia, Beltran, Gemma, Warringer, Jonas, Guillamón, Jose M.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2013
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3691127/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23826223
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0067166
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author Gutiérrez, Alicia
Beltran, Gemma
Warringer, Jonas
Guillamón, Jose M.
author_facet Gutiérrez, Alicia
Beltran, Gemma
Warringer, Jonas
Guillamón, Jose M.
author_sort Gutiérrez, Alicia
collection PubMed
description The capacity of wine yeast to utilize the nitrogen available in grape must directly correlates with the fermentation and growth rates of all wine yeast fermentation stages and is, thus, of critical importance for wine production. Here we precisely quantified the ability of low complexity nitrogen compounds to support fast, efficient and rapidly initiated growth of four commercially important wine strains. Nitrogen substrate abundance in grape must failed to correlate with the rate or the efficiency of nitrogen source utilization, but well predicted lag phase length. Thus, human domestication of yeast for grape must growth has had, at the most, a marginal impact on wine yeast growth rates and efficiencies, but may have left a surprising imprint on the time required to adjust metabolism from non growth to growth. Wine yeast nitrogen source utilization deviated from that of the lab strain experimentation, but also varied between wine strains. Each wine yeast lineage harbored nitrogen source utilization defects that were private to that strain. By a massive hemizygote analysis, we traced the genetic basis of the most glaring of these defects, near inability of the PDM wine strain to utilize methionine, as consequence of mutations in its ARO8, ADE5,7 and VBA3 alleles. We also identified candidate causative mutations in these genes. The methionine defect of PDM is potentially very interesting as the strain can, in some circumstances, overproduce foul tasting H(2)S, a trait which likely stems from insufficient methionine catabolization. The poor adaptation of wine yeast to the grape must nitrogen environment, and the presence of defects in each lineage, open up wine strain optimization through biotechnological endeavors.
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spelling pubmed-36911272013-07-03 Genetic Basis of Variations in Nitrogen Source Utilization in Four Wine Commercial Yeast Strains Gutiérrez, Alicia Beltran, Gemma Warringer, Jonas Guillamón, Jose M. PLoS One Research Article The capacity of wine yeast to utilize the nitrogen available in grape must directly correlates with the fermentation and growth rates of all wine yeast fermentation stages and is, thus, of critical importance for wine production. Here we precisely quantified the ability of low complexity nitrogen compounds to support fast, efficient and rapidly initiated growth of four commercially important wine strains. Nitrogen substrate abundance in grape must failed to correlate with the rate or the efficiency of nitrogen source utilization, but well predicted lag phase length. Thus, human domestication of yeast for grape must growth has had, at the most, a marginal impact on wine yeast growth rates and efficiencies, but may have left a surprising imprint on the time required to adjust metabolism from non growth to growth. Wine yeast nitrogen source utilization deviated from that of the lab strain experimentation, but also varied between wine strains. Each wine yeast lineage harbored nitrogen source utilization defects that were private to that strain. By a massive hemizygote analysis, we traced the genetic basis of the most glaring of these defects, near inability of the PDM wine strain to utilize methionine, as consequence of mutations in its ARO8, ADE5,7 and VBA3 alleles. We also identified candidate causative mutations in these genes. The methionine defect of PDM is potentially very interesting as the strain can, in some circumstances, overproduce foul tasting H(2)S, a trait which likely stems from insufficient methionine catabolization. The poor adaptation of wine yeast to the grape must nitrogen environment, and the presence of defects in each lineage, open up wine strain optimization through biotechnological endeavors. Public Library of Science 2013-06-24 /pmc/articles/PMC3691127/ /pubmed/23826223 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0067166 Text en © 2013 Gutiérrez et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Gutiérrez, Alicia
Beltran, Gemma
Warringer, Jonas
Guillamón, Jose M.
Genetic Basis of Variations in Nitrogen Source Utilization in Four Wine Commercial Yeast Strains
title Genetic Basis of Variations in Nitrogen Source Utilization in Four Wine Commercial Yeast Strains
title_full Genetic Basis of Variations in Nitrogen Source Utilization in Four Wine Commercial Yeast Strains
title_fullStr Genetic Basis of Variations in Nitrogen Source Utilization in Four Wine Commercial Yeast Strains
title_full_unstemmed Genetic Basis of Variations in Nitrogen Source Utilization in Four Wine Commercial Yeast Strains
title_short Genetic Basis of Variations in Nitrogen Source Utilization in Four Wine Commercial Yeast Strains
title_sort genetic basis of variations in nitrogen source utilization in four wine commercial yeast strains
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3691127/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23826223
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0067166
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