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Multiple regimes of operation in bimodal AFM: understanding the energy of cantilever eigenmodes

One of the key goals in atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging is to enhance material property contrast with high resolution. Bimodal AFM, where two eigenmodes are simultaneously excited, confers significant advantages over conventional single-frequency tapping mode AFM due to its ability to provide...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Kiracofe, Daniel, Raman, Arvind, Yablon, Dalia
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Beilstein-Institut 2013
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3701429/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23844344
http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.4.45
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author Kiracofe, Daniel
Raman, Arvind
Yablon, Dalia
author_facet Kiracofe, Daniel
Raman, Arvind
Yablon, Dalia
author_sort Kiracofe, Daniel
collection PubMed
description One of the key goals in atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging is to enhance material property contrast with high resolution. Bimodal AFM, where two eigenmodes are simultaneously excited, confers significant advantages over conventional single-frequency tapping mode AFM due to its ability to provide contrast between regions with different material properties under gentle imaging conditions. Bimodal AFM traditionally uses the first two eigenmodes of the AFM cantilever. In this work, the authors explore the use of higher eigenmodes in bimodal AFM (e.g., exciting the first and fourth eigenmodes). It is found that such operation leads to interesting contrast reversals compared to traditional bimodal AFM. A series of experiments and numerical simulations shows that the primary cause of the contrast reversals is not the choice of eigenmode itself (e.g., second versus fourth), but rather the relative kinetic energy between the higher eigenmode and the first eigenmode. This leads to the identification of three distinct imaging regimes in bimodal AFM. This result, which is applicable even to traditional bimodal AFM, should allow researchers to choose cantilever and operating parameters in a more rational manner in order to optimize resolution and contrast during nanoscale imaging of materials.
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spelling pubmed-37014292013-07-10 Multiple regimes of operation in bimodal AFM: understanding the energy of cantilever eigenmodes Kiracofe, Daniel Raman, Arvind Yablon, Dalia Beilstein J Nanotechnol Full Research Paper One of the key goals in atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging is to enhance material property contrast with high resolution. Bimodal AFM, where two eigenmodes are simultaneously excited, confers significant advantages over conventional single-frequency tapping mode AFM due to its ability to provide contrast between regions with different material properties under gentle imaging conditions. Bimodal AFM traditionally uses the first two eigenmodes of the AFM cantilever. In this work, the authors explore the use of higher eigenmodes in bimodal AFM (e.g., exciting the first and fourth eigenmodes). It is found that such operation leads to interesting contrast reversals compared to traditional bimodal AFM. A series of experiments and numerical simulations shows that the primary cause of the contrast reversals is not the choice of eigenmode itself (e.g., second versus fourth), but rather the relative kinetic energy between the higher eigenmode and the first eigenmode. This leads to the identification of three distinct imaging regimes in bimodal AFM. This result, which is applicable even to traditional bimodal AFM, should allow researchers to choose cantilever and operating parameters in a more rational manner in order to optimize resolution and contrast during nanoscale imaging of materials. Beilstein-Institut 2013-06-21 /pmc/articles/PMC3701429/ /pubmed/23844344 http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.4.45 Text en Copyright © 2013, Kiracofe et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0https://www.beilstein-journals.org/bjnano/termsThis is an Open Access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The license is subject to the Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology terms and conditions: (https://www.beilstein-journals.org/bjnano/terms)
spellingShingle Full Research Paper
Kiracofe, Daniel
Raman, Arvind
Yablon, Dalia
Multiple regimes of operation in bimodal AFM: understanding the energy of cantilever eigenmodes
title Multiple regimes of operation in bimodal AFM: understanding the energy of cantilever eigenmodes
title_full Multiple regimes of operation in bimodal AFM: understanding the energy of cantilever eigenmodes
title_fullStr Multiple regimes of operation in bimodal AFM: understanding the energy of cantilever eigenmodes
title_full_unstemmed Multiple regimes of operation in bimodal AFM: understanding the energy of cantilever eigenmodes
title_short Multiple regimes of operation in bimodal AFM: understanding the energy of cantilever eigenmodes
title_sort multiple regimes of operation in bimodal afm: understanding the energy of cantilever eigenmodes
topic Full Research Paper
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3701429/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23844344
http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.4.45
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