Kinase Inhibitor Sorafenib Modulates Immunosuppressive Cell Populations in a Murine Liver Cancer Model

Accumulating evidence suggests that regulatory T cells (Tregs) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are elevated in cancer patients and tumor-bearing hosts, and that depletion of Tregs and MDSC may enhance the anti-tumor immunity of the host. Sorafenib, a novel multikinase inhibitor, is approved for the treatment of several human cancers including advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Sorafenib is believed to inhibit tumor growth via anti-angiogenesis, cell cycle arrest, and inducing apoptosis. However, the impact of Sorafenib on immune cell populations in tumor-bearing hosts is unclear. In this report, we show that Tregs and MDSC are increased in the spleens and bone marrows of the BALB/c mice with liver hepatoma. The increase in Tregs and MDSCs was positively correlated with tumor burden. Treatment of Sorafenib not only inhibited HCC cell growth in the mice, but also significantly decreased the suppressive immune cell populations: Tregs and MDSCs. In conclusion, our study strongly suggests that Sorafenib can enhance antitumor immunity via modulating immunosuppressive cell populations in the murine liver cancer model.