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Long-term opioid treatment of chronic nonmalignant pain: unproven efficacy and neglected safety?
BACKGROUND: For the past 30 years, opioids have been used to treat chronic nonmalignant pain. This study tests the following hypotheses: (1) there is no strong evidence-based foundation for the conclusion that long-term opioid treatment of chronic nonmalignant pain is effective; and (2) the main pro...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Dove Medical Press
2013
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3712997/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23874119 http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/JPR.S47182 |