Comparative Immunogenicity of 7 and 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines and the Development of Functional Antibodies to Cross-Reactive Serotypes

BACKGROUND: Protection against disease or colonization from serotypes related to those in pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (i.e. cross-protection) vary by serotype; the basis for this variation is not understood. The 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) replaced 7-valent conjugate (PCV7) in the USA in 2010 allowing assessment of PCV7 and PCV13 immunogenicity and functional cross-protection in vitro. METHODS: Post-primary, pre-booster and post-booster sera from American Indian children receiving exclusively PCV7 or PCV13 were collected. IgG was measured by ELISA for 13 vaccine serotypes; functional antibody was assessed by opsonophagocytic killing assays for serotypes 6A/B/C and 19A/F. RESULTS: Post-primary IgG geometric mean concentrations (GMC) for serotypes 4 and 9V were lower in PCV13 recipients while 19F GMCs were higher. Only 19F differences persisted after receipt of the booster dose. Functional antibody activity was higher among PCV13 recipients for 6A, 6C, 19A and 19F (p<0.04), and among PCV7 recipients for 6B (p = 0.01). Following PCV7, functional antibodies to 6A but not 19A were observed. High levels of 6C functional activity were seen after PCV13 but not PCV7. CONCLUSIONS: Functional antibody activity against 6A/B/C and 19A/F suggest that PCV13 is likely to control the 19A disease and 6C disease remaining despite widespread use of PCV7.