Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis, an uncommon presentation of a common cancer: Case report and discussion

Patient: Female, 59 Final Diagnosis: Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis Symptoms: Seizure • memory changes • decreased concentration Medication: Chemotherapy Clinical Procedure: Cerebral images Specialty: Hematology • Oncology OBJECTIVE: Challenging differential diagnosis BACKGROUND: Paraneoplastic...

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Autores principales: Said, Sarmad, Cooper, Chad J., Reyna, Edgar, Alkhateeb, Haider, Diaz, Jesus, Nahleh, Zeina
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: International Scientific Literature, Inc. 2013
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3792880/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24116265
http://dx.doi.org/10.12659/AJCR.889560
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author Said, Sarmad
Cooper, Chad J.
Reyna, Edgar
Alkhateeb, Haider
Diaz, Jesus
Nahleh, Zeina
author_facet Said, Sarmad
Cooper, Chad J.
Reyna, Edgar
Alkhateeb, Haider
Diaz, Jesus
Nahleh, Zeina
author_sort Said, Sarmad
collection PubMed
description Patient: Female, 59 Final Diagnosis: Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis Symptoms: Seizure • memory changes • decreased concentration Medication: Chemotherapy Clinical Procedure: Cerebral images Specialty: Hematology • Oncology OBJECTIVE: Challenging differential diagnosis BACKGROUND: Paraneoplastic neurological disorders (PND) are defined as remote effects on the nervous system that are not caused directly by the tumor, its metastases, or metabolic disruptions. This syndrome occurs in less than 1 per 10,000 patients diagnosed with a malignancy. Many antibodies are found in the central nervous system in PND, the most well known are Anti-Hu, Tr, CV2 Ta, Yo, Ri and amphiphysin. Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis occurs due to involvement of the limbic system secondary to an autoimmune response to neurons of the brain provoked by the antibodies. Patients, thus, present with seizures, changes in mood, memory, and personality. CASE REPORT: Fifty-nine years-old female patient presented with seizures, decreased concentration and memory changes. Laboratory workup was remarkable for hyponatremia. Further workup included brain computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which suggested a diagnosis of encephalitis for limbic encephalitis. Anti-Hu, anti-Ma and NMDA-receptor antibodies were requested of which Anti Hu antibodies were positive. Transbronchial biopsy was obtained which confirmed the diagnosis of small cell lung cancer. CONCLUSIONS: A very high index of suspicion should thus be present when patients present with paraneoplastic abnormalities. It must be emphasized that limbic encephalitis (LE) occurs at an early stage of the disease development and therefore the detection of paraneoplastic LE can lead to a quicker identification of the underlying malignancy and a better outcome.
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spelling pubmed-37928802013-10-10 Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis, an uncommon presentation of a common cancer: Case report and discussion Said, Sarmad Cooper, Chad J. Reyna, Edgar Alkhateeb, Haider Diaz, Jesus Nahleh, Zeina Am J Case Rep Case Report Patient: Female, 59 Final Diagnosis: Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis Symptoms: Seizure • memory changes • decreased concentration Medication: Chemotherapy Clinical Procedure: Cerebral images Specialty: Hematology • Oncology OBJECTIVE: Challenging differential diagnosis BACKGROUND: Paraneoplastic neurological disorders (PND) are defined as remote effects on the nervous system that are not caused directly by the tumor, its metastases, or metabolic disruptions. This syndrome occurs in less than 1 per 10,000 patients diagnosed with a malignancy. Many antibodies are found in the central nervous system in PND, the most well known are Anti-Hu, Tr, CV2 Ta, Yo, Ri and amphiphysin. Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis occurs due to involvement of the limbic system secondary to an autoimmune response to neurons of the brain provoked by the antibodies. Patients, thus, present with seizures, changes in mood, memory, and personality. CASE REPORT: Fifty-nine years-old female patient presented with seizures, decreased concentration and memory changes. Laboratory workup was remarkable for hyponatremia. Further workup included brain computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which suggested a diagnosis of encephalitis for limbic encephalitis. Anti-Hu, anti-Ma and NMDA-receptor antibodies were requested of which Anti Hu antibodies were positive. Transbronchial biopsy was obtained which confirmed the diagnosis of small cell lung cancer. CONCLUSIONS: A very high index of suspicion should thus be present when patients present with paraneoplastic abnormalities. It must be emphasized that limbic encephalitis (LE) occurs at an early stage of the disease development and therefore the detection of paraneoplastic LE can lead to a quicker identification of the underlying malignancy and a better outcome. International Scientific Literature, Inc. 2013-10-01 /pmc/articles/PMC3792880/ /pubmed/24116265 http://dx.doi.org/10.12659/AJCR.889560 Text en © Am J Case Rep, 2013 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License
spellingShingle Case Report
Said, Sarmad
Cooper, Chad J.
Reyna, Edgar
Alkhateeb, Haider
Diaz, Jesus
Nahleh, Zeina
Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis, an uncommon presentation of a common cancer: Case report and discussion
title Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis, an uncommon presentation of a common cancer: Case report and discussion
title_full Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis, an uncommon presentation of a common cancer: Case report and discussion
title_fullStr Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis, an uncommon presentation of a common cancer: Case report and discussion
title_full_unstemmed Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis, an uncommon presentation of a common cancer: Case report and discussion
title_short Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis, an uncommon presentation of a common cancer: Case report and discussion
title_sort paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis, an uncommon presentation of a common cancer: case report and discussion
topic Case Report
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3792880/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24116265
http://dx.doi.org/10.12659/AJCR.889560
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